mysql字符集--utf8mb4

今天有个新项目，要将客户留言的表情符号emjoi 字符给存在mysql数据库中，可是之前数据库创建的时候，都是用的utf8的字符集，导致这些表情符号存进来就是乱码；

对于mysql来说，在中国，我们通常选择的有utf8和gbk，但是在MySQL5.5版本之后，开始支持utf8mb4字符集，这里就浅析一下utf8和utf8mb4的区别。 首先说一下utf8mb4是utf8的一个超集，它完全兼容utf8字符集。以往mysql里面的utf8字符集的一个字符最多只有3个字节，只支持bmp这部分的unicode编码区，而utf8mb4则扩展到一个字符最多能够有4个字节，所以能够支持更多的字符集。

1. 调整my.cnf 文件

[client] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8mb4

2 . mysqldump 将数据库脚本导出来
    由于项目上线不久，数据量不大，所以就mysqldump导出，其实个人还没有找到其他的方案

3. 重启mysql服务

重启服务是OK了，但是用innobackupex进行数据库备份的时候，却报错了

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy and Percona LLC and/or its affiliates 2009-2013.  All Rights Reserved. This software is published under the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991. Get the latest version of Percona XtraBackup, documentation, and help resources: http://www.percona.com/xb/p 150915 15:30:25  innobackupex: Executing a version check against the server... 150915 15:30:25  innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/etc/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root'  (using password: YES). Character set 'utf8mb4' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the '/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml' file innobackupex: got a fatal error with the following stacktrace: at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 3011 main::mysql_connect('abort_on_error', 1) called at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 1551 innobackupex: Error: Failed to connect to MySQL server: DBI connect(';mysql_read_default_file=/etc/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup','root',...) failed: Can't initialize character set utf8mb4 (path: /usr/share/mysql/charsets/)  at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 2995 150915 15:30:25  innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/etc/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root'  (using password: YES). Character set 'utf8mb4' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the '/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml' file innobackupex: got a fatal error with the following stacktrace: at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 3011 main::mysql_connect('abort_on_error', 1) called at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 1570 innobackupex: Error: Failed to connect to MySQL server: DBI connect(';mysql_read_default_file=/etc/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup','root',...) failed: Can't initialize character set utf8mb4 (path: /usr/share/mysql/charsets/)  at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 2995

在网上搜索了一下，是mysql字符集的配置文件“/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml” 的问题；

把配置文件/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中的utf8编码改为utf8mb4即可，修改方法如下：
修改前：

1. <charset name="utf8">
   
2. <family>Unicode</family>
   
3. <description>UTF-8 Unicode</description>
   
4. <alias>utf-8</alias>
   
5. <collation name="utf8_general_ci" id="33">
   
6. <flag>primary</flag>
   
7. <flag>compiled</flag>
   
8. </collation>
   
9. <collation name="utf8_bin" id="83">
   
10. <flag>binary</flag>
    
11. <flag>compiled</flag>
    
12. </collation>
    
13. </charset>

修改后：

1. <charset name="utf8mb4">
   
2. <family>Unicode</family>
   
3. <description>UTF-8 Unicode</description>
   
4. <alias>utf-8</alias>
   
5. <collation name="utf8_general_ci" id="33">
   
6. <flag>primary</flag>
   
7. <flag>compiled</flag>
   
8. </collation>
   
9. <collation name="utf8_bin" id="83">
   
10. <flag>binary</flag>
    
11. <flag>compiled</flag>
    
12. </collation>
    
13. </charset>

 

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