APACHE+TOMCAT的简单HA配置

APACHE+TOMCAT的简单HA配置

APACHE+TOMCAT的简单HA配置，实现负载均衡和故障转移，不考虑后端TOMCAT的SESSION。一般用于基于HTTP协议的接口服务。
 
环境

节点1：RHL6.4 192.168.9.237
节点2：RHL6.4 192.168.9.238
2.在两个节点分别安装TOMCAT，作为后端服务。

3.第1台机器上安装apache作为集群WEB服务器。

环境参数：JDK1.6以上，httpd-2.4.16  Tomcat-6.0.44

下载tomcat war包
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1eQqDxho
 
1.Tomcat安装和配置
登录节点1，安装tomcat
[root@tomcatha1 ~]# tar -xvf apache-tomcat-6.0.44.tar.gz
 
 
部署测试工程cluster到TOMCAT
下载测试工程WAR包：tomcatha.war
[root@tomcatha1 ~]# cd apache-tomcat-6.0.44
[root@tomcatha1 apache-tomcat-6.0.44]# ll
total 116
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Sep 30 10:35 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May  8 20:21 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Sep 30 10:35 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56653 May  8 20:21 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May  8 20:21 logs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   761 May  8 20:21 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  9124 May  8 20:21 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16229 May  8 20:21 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Sep 30 10:35 temp
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root  4096 May  8 20:21 webapps
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May  8 20:21 work
[root@tomcatha1 apache-tomcat-6.0.44]# cd webapps/
[root@tomcatha1 webapps]# ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Sep 30 10:35 docs
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Sep 30 10:35 examples
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Sep 30 10:35 host-manager
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Sep 30 10:35 manager
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Sep 30 10:35 ROOT
[root@tomcatha1 webapps]# mkdir cluster
[root@tomcatha1 webapps]# cd cluster/
[root@tomcatha1 cluster]# rz 
rz waiting to receive.
 zmodem trl+C ?
  100%       4 KB    4 KB/s 00:00:01       0 Errors


[root@tomcatha1 cluster]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4733 Sep 29 15:55 tomcatha.war
[root@tomcatha1 cluster]# 


修改端口及war包方式
端口：
    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />


改为：
    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />


war包：
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
            xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
改为：
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="false"
            xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">


路径：
在Host上加入一行：
        <Context path="/tomcatha" docBase="/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/webapps/cluster/tomcatha.war" />
      </Host>
    </Engine>




启动tomcat：
[root@tomcatha1 conf]# cd /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/bin/
[root@tomcatha1 bin]# sh startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/bin/bootstrap.jar
[root@tomcatha1 bin]# ps -ef | grep java
root     10245     1 63 10:46 pts/1    00:00:03 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/endorsed -classpath /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/bin/bootstrap.jar -Dcatalina.base=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44 -Dcatalina.home=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root     10264  1959  0 10:46 pts/1    00:00:00 grep java




测试节点TOMCAT部署
浏览器中访问 http://192.168.9.237:8081/tomcatha/
可以正常访问：


 
拷贝节点1部署好的TOMCAT到节点2
[root@tomcatha1 ~]#  zip -r tomcat.zip apache-tomcat-6.0.44


[root@tomcatha1 ~]# scp tomcat.zip 192.168.9.238:/root
root@192.168.9.238's password: 
tomcat.zip                                                                                                                 100% 7323KB   7.2MB/s   00:00    
[root@tomcatha1 ~]# 
 
登录节点2部署TOMCAT
[root@tomcatha2 ~]# unzip tomcat.zip 
 
启动和测试节点2
[root@tomcatha2 ~]# cd /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/bin/
[root@tomcatha2 bin]# sh startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/bin/bootstrap.jar
[root@tomcatha2 bin]# ps -ef | grep java
root      9911     1 48 14:18 pts/0    00:00:03 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/endorsed -classpath /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/bin/bootstrap.jar -Dcatalina.base=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44 -Dcatalina.home=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/root/apache-tomcat-6.0.44/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root      9930  1679  0 14:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep java
[root@tomcatha2 bin]# 


浏览器中访问 http://192.168.9.238:8081/tomcatha/
 
 
Apache安装
[root@tomcatha1 ~]# yum install httpd
 


Apache配置
检查LoadModule配置,vi打开/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf主配置文件
加入：
# Virtual hosts
Include conf/httpd-vhosts.conf  




配置http-vhost.conf以host方式配置代理转发
以VI方式打开/etc/httpd/conf/httpd-vhosts.conf
删除或注释掉原有的VirtualHost配置，加入如下配置
[root@tomcatha1 conf]# cat httpd-vhosts.conf 
<VirtualHost *:80>  
    ErrorLog "logs/localhost-error_log"  
    LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon  
    CustomLog logs/localhost-access_log vcommon  
    ProxyRequests Off  
    ProxyPreserveHost on  
    # apache+tomcat cluster  
    ProxyPass / balancer://tomcat-cluster/   
    ProxyPassReverse / balancer://tomcat-cluster/  
    <Proxy balancer://tomcat-cluster/>  
      BalancerMember http://192.168.9.237:8081 loadfactor=1  
      BalancerMember http://192.168.9.238:8081 loadfactor=1  
      ProxySet lbmethod=bybusyness  
    </Proxy>  
</VirtualHost>
[root@tomcatha1 conf]# 
 
检查配置，启动apache
[root@tomcatha1 conf]# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd: [  OK  ]
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.9.237 for ServerName
[  OK  ]
[root@tomcatha1 conf]# 
测试集群 
1.浏览器访问测试：http://192.168.9.237/tomcatha/


2.测试Load Balance
 反复刷新浏览器，测试是否后端服务器是否切换。
首次访问：
 
刷新页面：
 
3.测试Failover
 
关闭其中一台后，反复刷新界面，测试是否可以正常使用。
 

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