SQL>conn / as sysdba
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
AL32UTF8
SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6.2934E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2268712 bytes
Variable Size 6039798232 bytes
Database Buffers 5.6774E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 118157312 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
System altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database character set ZHS16GBK;
alter database character set ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;
Database altered.
SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6.2934E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2268712 bytes
Variable Size 6039798232 bytes
Database Buffers 5.6774E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 118157312 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
ZHS16GBK
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
AL32UTF8
SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6.2934E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2268712 bytes
Variable Size 6039798232 bytes
Database Buffers 5.6774E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 118157312 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
System altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database character set ZHS16GBK;
alter database character set ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;
Database altered.
SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6.2934E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2268712 bytes
Variable Size 6039798232 bytes
Database Buffers 5.6774E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 118157312 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
ZHS16GBK
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