oracle 坏块问题 ora-01578

 

坏块问题

 

1、说明

坏块问题是经常出现在数据库系统中的，如果没有合适的处理方法往往会导致坏块对象不可用或者数据丢失。本文从坏块产生开始说起，着重说明一但坏块产生后不同情况的处理方法。

2、坏块产生的原因：

硬件的I/O错误
操作系统的I/O错误或缓冲问题
内存或paging问题
磁盘修复工具
一个数据文件的一部分正在被覆盖
Oracle试图访问一个未被格式化的系统块失败
数据文件部分溢出
Oracle或者操作系统的bug

3、坏块的发现：

3.1、Alter日志报错

Tue Aug 17 10:48:07 2010

Corrupt Block Found

         TSN = 7, TSNAME = BTEST

         RFN  6, BLK = 839, rdba = 25166663

         OBJN = 49205, BJD = 49205, BJECT= BOBJ, SUBOBJECT =

         Segment wner= AN, Segment Type = Table Segment

 

其中RFN表示的是relative_fno，6号文件的839块，段类型为表段，是表bobj出现坏块。

 

3.2、查询报错

SQL> select count(*) from bobj;

select count(*) from bobj

                     *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 839)

ORA-01110: data file 6: 'F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\DB10\BTEST.DBF'

 

3.3、分析表报错

SQL> analyze table bobj validate structure cascade;

analyze table bobj validate structure cascade

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 839)

ORA-01110: data file 6: 'F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\DB10\BTEST.DBF'

3.4、Rman备份报错

RMAN> backup tablespace btest;

 

Starting backup at 17-8月 -10

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00006 name=F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\DB10\BTEST.DBF

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 17-8月 -10

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 08/17/2010 11:03:09

ORA-19566: exceeded limit of 0 corrupt blocks for file F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\DB10\BTEST.DBF

 

3.5、Dbv检查报错

F:\oracle\product\10.1.0\oradata\db10>dbv file=BTEST.DBF blocksize=8192

 

DBVERIFY: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on 星期二 8月 17 10:49:02 2010

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = BTEST.DBF

Page 839 is marked corrupt

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01800347 (file 6, block 839)

Bad check value found during dbv:

Data in bad block:

 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01800347

 last change scn: 0x0000.0005246f seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04

 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0

 consistency value in tail: 0x246f0601

 check value in block header: 0x50c2

computed block checksum: 0x2751

 

 

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

 

Total Pages Examined         : 5376

Total Pages Processed (Data) : 5165

Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0

Total Pages Processed (Index): 0

Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0

Total Pages Processed (Other): 9

Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0

Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0

Total Pages Empty            : 201

Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 1

Total Pages Influx           : 0

 

3.6、查询坏块发生的数据文件以及对应表空间

Select file_name,tablespace_name,file_id “AFN”,relative_fno “RFN”
From dba_data_files;
Select file_name,tablespace_name,file_id, relative_fno“RFN”
From dba_temp_files;
　　

3.7、查询存在坏块的对象是什么：

SELECT tablespace_name, segment_type, owner,

segment_name, partition_name FROM

dba_extents WHERE file_id =v_file_id and v_block_id

between block_id AND block_id + blocks – 1；

 

4、出现坏块的常见对象：

Sys用户下的对象
　　回滚段
　　临时段
　　索引或者分区索引

表

5、问题的处理

5.1、无备份情况下的恢复

5.1.1、Sys用户下的对象，需要谨慎处理。

5.1.2、回滚段坏块采用类似ora-600（4000）的处理方法将回滚段删除即可。会造成事物失败，数据丢失。

5.1.3、索引：重建，期间会锁表对业务有影响，数据不会丢失。

5.1.4、表：

5.1.4 ．1、EVENT10231

SQL> select count(*)from bobj;

 

  COUNT(*)

----------

    376240

 

SQL> analyze table bobj validate structure cascade;

analyze table bobj validate structure cascade

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 495)

ORA-01110: data file 6: 'F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\DB10\BTEST.DBF'

 

 

SQL> alter session set events ='10231 trace name context forever,level 10';

 

Session altered.

 

SQL> select count(*) from bobj;

 

  COUNT(*)

----------

    376169

忽略了坏块进行读写，所以数据量上有变化，丢失了一部分数据。

 

5.1.4 ．2、 ROWID RANGE SCAN

FUNCTION ROWID_CREATE RETURNS ROWID

 Argument Name                  Type                    In/Out Default?

 ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------

 ROWID_TYPE                     NUMBER                  IN

 OBJECT_NUMBER                  NUMBER                  IN

 RELATIVE_FNO                   NUMBER                  IN

 BLOCK_NUMBER                   NUMBER                  IN

 ROW_NUMBER                     NUMBER                  IN

 

SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;

 

     FILE#     BLOCK#     BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------

         6        839          1                  0 CHECKSUM

 

SQL> SELECT dbms_rowid.rowid_create(1,49205,6,839,0) from DUAL;

 

DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_C

------------------

AAAMA1AAGAAAANHAAA

 

SQL> SELECT dbms_rowid.rowid_create(1,49205,6,840,0) from DUAL;

 

DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_C

------------------

AAAMA1AAGAAAANIAAA

 

SQL> create table bbobj tablespace btest as select * from bobj where 1=2;

 

Table created.

 

SQL> insert into bbobj select /*+ rowid(a) */ * from bobj where rowid

AAAANHAAA';

 

60993 rows created.

 

SQL> insert into bbobj select /*+ rowid(a) */ * from bobj where rowid>='AAAMA1AAG

AAAANIAAA';

 

315108 rows created.

 

SQL> commit;

 

Commit complete.

 

SQL> select count(*) from bbobj;

 

  COUNT(*)

----------

    376101

 

从v$database_block_corruption中可以查处当前数据库中的坏块信息

通过调用dbms_rowid.rowid_create确认出坏块对应的rowid，重新创建表结构相同的表，并以rowid为条件跳过坏块将好数据存入到中间表中，损失一部分数据，仍然可以将坏块的影响忽略掉。

 

5.1.4 .3 、Dbms_repair

以sys用户执行

PROCEDURE SKIP_CORRUPT_BLOCKS

 Argument Name                  Type                    In/Out Default?

 ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------

 SCHEMA_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN

 OBJECT_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN

 OBJECT_TYPE                    BINARY_INTEGER          IN     DEFAULT

 FLAGS                          BINARY_INTEGER          IN     DEFAULT

 

SQL> Execute DBMS_REPAIR.SKIP_CORRUPT_BLOCKS('AN','BOBJ')

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

SQL> conn an/an

Connected.

SQL> select count(*) from bobj;

 

  COUNT(*)

----------

376169

 

试用sys用户调用dbms_repair中的skip_corrupt_blocks忽略对象中的坏块，同样会丢失坏块中的数据。包中还包含过程FIX_CORRUPT_BLOCKS，可以fix掉坏块。

 

5.2、有备份情况下的恢复

5.2.1 、Blockrecover

RMAN> blockrecover datafile 5 block 425;

 

Starting blockrecover at 17-8月 -10

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set

restoring blocks of datafile 00005

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1

piece handle=F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\DB10\BACKUPSET\2010_08_17\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20100817T162508_66NKV5B8_.BKP tag=TAG20100817T162508

channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete

 

starting media recovery

media recovery complete

 

Finished blockrecover at 17-8月 -10

 

SQL> select count(*) from an.atest;

 

  COUNT(*)

----------

    376240

 

5.2.2 、Recover datafile

SQL> select count(*) from an.atest;

select count(*) from an.atest

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 963)

ORA-01110: data file 5: 'F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\DB10\ATEST.DBF'

 

RMAN> sql " alter database datafile 5 offline";

 

sql statement:  alter database datafile 5 offline

 

RMAN> restore datafile 5;

 

Starting restore at 17-8月 -10

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00005 to F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\DB10\ATEST.DBF

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\DB10\BACKUPSET\2010_08_17\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20100817T162508_66NKV5B8_.BKP tag=TAG20100817T162508

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete

Finished restore at 17-8月 -10

 

RMAN> recover datafile 5;

 

Starting recover at 17-8月 -10

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

starting media recovery

media recovery complete

 

Finished recover at 17-8月 -10

 

RMAN> sql " alter database datafile 5 online";

 

sql statement:  alter database datafile 5 online

 

SQL> select count(*) from an.atest;

 

  COUNT(*)

----------

    376240

 

 

5.3、Rman备份跳过坏块

SET MAXCORRUPT FOR DATAFILE filename TO n；

 

例：

run {

        allocate channel node1 type disk;

SET MAXCORRUPT FOR DATAFILE 8 TO 3；

        set limit channel node1 kbytes = 1800000;

        backup as compressed backupset full database format '$BACKUPDIR/full_%d_%T_%s_%p' plus archivelog format '$BACKUPDIR/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p' delete all input;

        backup current controlfile format '$BACKUPDIR/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p' TAG "control.bak";

        release channel node1;

}

 

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