PostgreSQL 源码解读（141）- Buffer Manager#6（Clock Sweep算法）

本节简单介绍了PostgreSQL缓存管理(Buffer Manager)中的Clock Sweep算法,其主要逻辑在StrategyGetBuffer函数中实现。

一、数据结构

BufferDesc
共享缓冲区的共享描述符(状态)数据

/*
 * Flags for buffer descriptors
 * buffer描述器标记
 *
 * Note: TAG_VALID essentially means that there is a buffer hashtable
 * entry associated with the buffer's tag.
 * 注意:TAG_VALID本质上意味着有一个与缓冲区的标记相关联的缓冲区散列表条目。
 */
//buffer header锁定
#define BM_LOCKED               (1U << 22)  /* buffer header is locked */
//数据需要写入(标记为DIRTY)
#define BM_DIRTY                (1U << 23)  /* data needs writing */
//数据是有效的
#define BM_VALID                (1U << 24)  /* data is valid */
//已分配buffer tag
#define BM_TAG_VALID            (1U << 25)  /* tag is assigned */
//正在R/W
#define BM_IO_IN_PROGRESS       (1U << 26)  /* read or write in progress */
//上一个I/O出现错误
#define BM_IO_ERROR             (1U << 27)  /* previous I/O failed */
//开始写则变DIRTY
#define BM_JUST_DIRTIED         (1U << 28)  /* dirtied since write started */
//存在等待sole pin的其他进程
#define BM_PIN_COUNT_WAITER     (1U << 29)  /* have waiter for sole pin */
//checkpoint发生,必须刷到磁盘上
#define BM_CHECKPOINT_NEEDED    (1U << 30)  /* must write for checkpoint */
//持久化buffer(不是unlogged或者初始化fork)
#define BM_PERMANENT            (1U << 31)  /* permanent buffer (not unlogged,
                                             * or init fork) */
/*
 *  BufferDesc -- shared descriptor/state data for a single shared buffer.
 *  BufferDesc -- 共享缓冲区的共享描述符(状态)数据
 *
 * Note: Buffer header lock (BM_LOCKED flag) must be held to examine or change
 * the tag, state or wait_backend_pid fields.  In general, buffer header lock
 * is a spinlock which is combined with flags, refcount and usagecount into
 * single atomic variable.  This layout allow us to do some operations in a
 * single atomic operation, without actually acquiring and releasing spinlock;
 * for instance, increase or decrease refcount.  buf_id field never changes
 * after initialization, so does not need locking.  freeNext is protected by
 * the buffer_strategy_lock not buffer header lock.  The LWLock can take care
 * of itself.  The buffer header lock is *not* used to control access to the
 * data in the buffer!
 * 注意:必须持有Buffer header锁(BM_LOCKED标记)才能检查或修改tag/state/wait_backend_pid字段.
 * 通常来说,buffer header lock是spinlock,它与标记位/参考计数/使用计数组合到单个原子变量中.
 * 这个布局设计允许我们执行原子操作,而不需要实际获得或者释放spinlock(比如,增加或者减少参考计数).
 * buf_id字段在初始化后不会出现变化,因此不需要锁定.
 * freeNext通过buffer_strategy_lock锁而不是buffer header lock保护.
 * LWLock可以很好的处理自己的状态.
 * 务请注意的是:buffer header lock不用于控制buffer中的数据访问!
 *
 * It's assumed that nobody changes the state field while buffer header lock
 * is held.  Thus buffer header lock holder can do complex updates of the
 * state variable in single write, simultaneously with lock release (cleaning
 * BM_LOCKED flag).  On the other hand, updating of state without holding
 * buffer header lock is restricted to CAS, which insure that BM_LOCKED flag
 * is not set.  Atomic increment/decrement, OR/AND etc. are not allowed.
 * 假定在持有buffer header lock的情况下,没有人改变状态字段.
 * 持有buffer header lock的