11g文档学习----sql连接-CSDN博客

11 g Release 2 (11.2)》Supporting Documentation》Administrator's Guide》 1 Getting Started with Database Administration

Connecting to the Database with SQL*Plus

Submit the SQL*Plus CONNECT Statement

You submit the SQL*Plus CONNECT statement to initially connect to the Oracle instance or at any time to reconnect as a different user. The syntax of the CONNECT statement is as follows:

CONN[ECT] [logon] [AS {SYSOPER | SYSDBA}]

The syntax of logon is as follows:

{username | /}[@connect_identifier] [edition={edition_name | DATABASE_DEFAULT}]

When you provide username, SQL*Plus prompts for a password. The password is not echoed as you type it.

The following table describes the syntax components of the CONNECT statement.

Syntax Component Description / Calls for external authentication of the connection request. A database password is not used in this type of authentication. The most common form of external authentication is operating system authentication, where the database user is authenticated by having logged in to the host operating system with a certain host user account. External authentication can also be performed with an Oracle wallet or by a network service. See for more information. See also . AS {SYSOPER | SYSDBA} Indicates that the database user is connecting with either the SYSOPER or SYSDBA system privilege. Only certain predefined administrative users or users who have been added to the password file may connect with these privileges. See for more information. username A valid database user name. The database authenticates the connection request by matching username against the data dictionary and prompting for a user password. connect_identifier (1) An Oracle Net connect identifier, for a remote connection. The exact syntax depends on the Oracle Net configuration. If omitted, SQL*Plus attempts connection to a local instance.

A common connect identifier is a net service name. This is an alias for an Oracle Net connect descriptor (network address and database service name). The alias is typically resolved in the tnsnames.ora file on the local computer, but can be resolved in other ways.

See for more information on connect identifiers.

connect_identifier (2) As an alternative, a connect identifier can use easy connect syntax. Easy connect provides out-of-the-box TCP/IP connectivity for remote databases without having to configure Oracle Net Services on the client (local) computer.

Easy connect syntax for the connect identifier is as follows (the enclosing double-quotes must be included):

"host[:port][/service_name][:server][/instance_name]"

where:

host is the host name or IP address of the computer hosting the remote database.

Both IP version 4 (IPv4) and IP version 6 (IPv6) addresses are supported. IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets. See for information about IPv6 addressing.

port is the TCP port on which the Oracle Net listener on host listens for database connections. If omitted, 1521 is assumed.

service_name is the database service name to which to connect. Can be omitted if the Net Services listener configuration on the remote host designates a default service. If no default service is configured, service_name must be supplied. Each database typically offers a standard service with a name equal to the global database name, which is made up of the DB_NAME and DB_DOMAIN initialization parameters as follows:

DB_NAME.DB_DOMAIN

If DB_DOMAIN is null, then the standard service name is just the DB_NAME. For example, if DB_NAME is orcl and DB_DOMAIN is us.example.com, then the standard service name is orcl.us.example.com.

See for more information.

server is the type of service handler. Acceptable values are dedicated, shared, and pooled. If omitted, the default type of server is chosen by the listener: shared server if configured, otherwise dedicated server.

instance_name is the instance to which to connect. You can specify both service name and instance name, which you would typically do only for Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) environments. For Oracle RAC or single instance environments, if you specify only instance name, you connect to the default database service. If there is no default service configured in the listener.ora file, an error is generated.You can obtain the instance name from the instance_name initialization parameter.

See for more information on easy connect.

edition={edition_name | DATABASE_DEFAULT} Specifies the edition in which the new database session starts. If you specify an edition, it must exist and you must have the USE privilege on it. If this clause is not specified, the database default edition is used for the session.

See for information on editions and edition-based redefinition.

Example 1-3

This simple example connects to a local database as user SYSTEM. SQL*Plus prompts for the SYSTEM user password.

connect system

Example 1-4

This example connects to a local database as user SYS with the SYSDBA privilege. SQL*Plus prompts for the SYS user password.

connect sys as sysdba

When connecting as user SYS, you must connect AS SYSDBA.

Example 1-5

This example connects locally with the SYSDBA privilege with operating system authentication.

connect / as sysdba

Example 1-6

This example uses easy connect syntax to connect as user salesadmin to a remote database running on the host dbhost.example.com. The Oracle Net listener (the listener) is listening on the default port (1521). The database service is sales.example.com. SQL*Plus prompts for the salesadmin user password.

connect salesadmin@"dbhost.example.com/sales.example.com"

Example 1-7

This example is identical to Example 1-6, except that the service handler type is indicated.

connect salesadmin@"dbhost.example.com/sales.example.com:dedicated"

Example 1-8

This example is identical to Example 1-6, except that the listener is listening on the nondefault port number 1522.

connect salesadmin@"dbhost.example.com:1522/sales.example.com"

Example 1-9

This example is identical to Example 1-6, except that the host IP address is substituted for the host name.

connect salesadmin@"192.0.2.5/sales.example.com"

Example 1-10

This example connects using an IPv6 address. Note the enclosing square brackets.

connect salesadmin@"[2001:0DB8:0:0::200C:417A]/sales.example.com"

Example 1-11

This example specifies the instance to which to connect and omits the database service name. A default database service must have been specified, otherwise an error is generated. Note that when you specify the instance only, you cannot specify the service handler type.

connect salesadmin@"dbhost.example.com//orcl"

Example 1-12

This example connects remotely as user salesadmin to the database service designated by the net service name sales1. SQL*Plus prompts for the salesadmin user password.

connect salesadmin@sales1

Example 1-13

This example connects remotely with external authentication to the database service designated by the net service name sales1.

connect /@sales1

Example 1-14

This example connects remotely with the SYSDBA privilege and with external authentication to the database service designated by the net service name sales1.

connect /@sales1 as sysdba

Example 1-15

This example connects remotely as user salesadmin to the database service designated by the net service name sales1. The database session starts in the rev21 edition. SQL*Plus prompts for the salesadmin user password.