rman的全备份脚本和控制文件安全策略

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-03 23:28:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-04-03 23:28:41 发布

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在nocatalog模式下的备份，所有的备份信息都存储在控制文件中，所以数据库的一个完整备份集应该包括数据文件，控制文件，初始化参数文件还有所有的归档日志。

Oracle 10G环境rman全备份脚本：

rman>run{

allocate channedl d1 device type disk;

backup full tag ‘orcl’ database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete all input:

}

在数据库全备份完成之后，需要执行alter system archive log current命令将当前日志归档，备份归档日志应该包括最后生成的归档日志。
...

RMAN> backup full tag 'orcl' database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete all input;

Starting backup at 01-9月 -11

current log archived ———归档当前日志，此时switch logfile，发生检查点，减少恢复时间

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=18 recid=48 stamp=760723817

input archive log thread=1 sequence=19 recid=49 stamp=760723833

input archive log thread=1 sequence=20 recid=50 stamp=760724658

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-9月 -11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-9月 -11

piece handle=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLBACKUPSET2011_09_01O1_MF_ANNNN_ORCL_75YJ9NN8_.BKP comment=NONE —归档日志备份集

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s) —删除已经备份的archivelog

archive log filename=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLARCHIVELO

G2011_09_01O1_MF_1_18_75YHH8W9_.ARC recid=48 stamp=760723817

archive log filename=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLARCHIVELO

G2011_09_01O1_MF_1_19_75YHHS4B_.ARC recid=49 stamp=760723833

archive log filename=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLARCHIVELO

G2011_09_01O1_MF_1_20_75YJ9LLX_.ARC recid=50 stamp=760724658

Finished backup at 01-9月 -11

Starting backup at 01-9月 -11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset ——数据库全备份发生

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0ORADATAORCLSYSTEM01.DBF

input datafile fno=00003 name=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0ORADATAORCLSYSAUX01.DBF

input datafile fno=00005 name=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0ORADATAORCLMSSM01.DBF

input datafile fno=00002 name=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0ORADATAORCLUNDOTBS01.DB

input datafile fno=00004 name=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0ORADATAORCLUSERS01.DBF

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-9月 -11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-9月 -11

piece handle=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLBACKUPSET2011_09_01O1_MF_NNNDF_ORCL_75YJ9Q3S_.BKP comment=NONE——数据文件的备份集

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:36

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current controlfile in backupset —控制文件的备份

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-9月 -11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-9月 -11

piece handle=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLBACKUPSET2011_09 _01O1_MF_NCNNF_ORCL_75YJDQCW_.BKP comment=NONE —控制文件的备份集

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

Finished backup at 01-9月 -11

Starting backup at 01-9月 -11

current log archived ——再次归档当前日志

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=21 recid=51 stamp=760724762

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-9月 -11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-9月 -11

piece handle=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLBACKUPSET2011_09_01O1_MF_ANNNN_ORCL_75YJDWHV_.BKP comment=NONE ——备份rman备份期间产生的归档日志，此时数据库还在open会产生redo log。

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLARCHIVELO

G2011_09_01O1_MF_1_21_75YJDTQ9_.ARC recid=51 stamp=760724762

Finished backup at 01-9月 -11

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 01-9月 -11——控制文件自动备份

piece handle=D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0FLASH_RECOVERY_AREAORCLCONTROLC-1288250

893-20110901-03 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 01-9月 -11

上述的rman备份脚本的：首先是归档当前redo log，备份archivelog，然后删除掉已经备份archivelog；然后执行backup database include current controlfile备份数据文件，最后由于此备份期间还有redo log在线，再次归档当前日志然后备份删除最后备份archivelog。

由于启用了控制文件的自动备份将进行控制文件的自动备份。

如果在oracle9I环境下，其中的控制文件和参数文件备份包含在全备份集中，那样从中恢复控制文件比较复杂，oracle10G就把其中include current controlfile分离出来（应该是从9I全备份中提取ctl时间上的影响）。

在nocatalog模式下由于所有的备份信息都存储在控制文件中，控制文件的安全就非常重要。

在数据库配置中，应该在不同磁盘上存储多份控制文件，在spfile中control_file的参数要对控制文件。

启用控制文件的自动备份，表空间发生变化，备份等都会触发控制文件的自动备份。

Rman进行控制文件备份或同步时，会执行控制文件快照的备份。

全备份或其他备份时include corrent controlfile也会发生控制文件的备份。

Rman还可以单独备份当前ctl

Rman>backup current controlfile format ‘d:ctlcontrol%s.ctl’

单独备份控制文件

Rman>backup as copy current controlfile format ‘d:ctlcontrol01.ctl’

对控制文件进行拷贝备份，rman备份的控制文件需要进行恢复才可以启动数据库，而拷贝备份的控制文件是ctl的副本，可以直接启动数据库