简单的说soft corrupt block就是被标记为corrupt的logical corrupt block，logical corrupt block是指能够被oracle正确识别为data block的block，这些block的chkval、块首和块尾的校验值等均是正确的，但是data block存在但不仅限于如下错误：
row locked by non-existent transaction - ORA-600 [4512], etc： 指的是一行里的lck=1，但是Transaction layer里记录的transaction ID不存在
the amount of space used is not equal to block size：avsp、tosp等反应block space usage的取值错误
row directory里指向了一个超出block地址范围的地址
fseo(Free space end offset)小于fsbo(Free space begin offset)等
对于logical corrupt block进行select或者dml操作可能成功也可能收到ORA-00600或者ORA-07445错误，但是不会出现ORA-01578。我们可以通过设置db_block_checking参数或者使用dbms_repair.fix_corrupt_blocks将logical corrupt block正式标记为soft corrupt block，目的是避免逻辑错误的进一步扩散。如果一个block已经标记为soft corrupt block，对这个block的select或者dml操作都会收到ORA-01578错误。对于包含soft corrupt block的datafile进行RMAN backup时不需要设定MAXCORRUPT值，也就是说backup命令不会因为遇到soft corrupt block而终止，RMAN recover的过程中也不会因为遇到soft corrupt block而异常终止
通过下面的两个例子来深入了解一下
//
// Part 1. 一个例子解释什么是Soft corrupt block
//
###测试表scott.t0608_1
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;
no rows selected
set linesize 120 pagesize 30
select distinct dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from scott.t0608_1;
DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID)
------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
9 131
###BBED修改kdbhavsp
BBED> set filename '/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf'
FILENAME /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
BBED> set block 131
BLOCK# 131
BBED> print kdbhavsp
sb2 kdbhavsp @110 7564
BBED> set mode edit
MODE Edit
BBED> modify /x 1000
BBED> print kdbhavsp
sb2 kdbhavsp @110 4096
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 131:
current = 0xfcec, required = 0xfcec
###validate check logical能检测到logical corrupt，并记入v$database_block_corruption，CORRUPTION_TYPE标记为corrupt
RMAN> validate check logical datafile 9;
Starting validate at 20150610 09:02:12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=203 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) for validation
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
9 FAILED 0 41 4097 12723362597836
File Name: /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 1 18
Index 0 0
Other 0 4037
validate found one or more corrupt blocks
See trace file /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/tstdb1/tstdb1/trace/tstdb1_ora_36832114.trc for details
Finished validate at 20150610 09:02:14
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;
FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------
9 131 1 12723362556000 CORRUPT
###dbv也能检测出该logical corrupt
tstdb1@jq570322b:/home/tstdb1>dbv file=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Jun 10 09:11:55 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
Block Checking: DBA = 37748867, Block Type = KTB-managed data block
data header at 0x110387064
kdbchk: the amount of space used is not equal to block size
used=524 fsc=0 avsp=4096 dtl=8088
Page 131 failed with check code 6110
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 4096
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 18
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 1
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 4037
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 41
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1669467084 (2962.1669467084)
###执行dbms_repair.check_object检查scott.T0608_1表的完整性
exec dbms_repair.admin_tables(table_name=>'REPAIR_0608_1',table_type=>dbms_repair.REPAIR_TABLE,action=>dbms_repair.CREATE_ACTION,tablespace=>'XDBTS');
variable v_corrupt_count number;
exec DBMS_REPAIR.CHECK_OBJECT (schema_name=>'SCOTT',object_name=>'T0608_1',object_type=>dbms_repair.TABLE_OBJECT,repair_table_name=>'REPAIR_0608_1',corrupt_count=>:v_corrupt_count);
print :v_corrupt_count
V_CORRUPT_COUNT
---------------
1
---DBA_REPAIR_0608_1里的marked_corrupt=FALSE表示该block尚未被标记为soft corrupt
col REPAIR_DESCRIPTION format a30
col OBJECT_NAME format a10
set linesize 140
select object_id,relative_file_id,block_id,object_name,repair_description,marked_corrupt,check_timestamp,fix_timestamp from DBA_REPAIR_0608_1;
OBJECT_ID RELATIVE_FILE_ID BLOCK_ID OBJECT_NAM REPAIR_DESCRIPTION MARKED_COR CHECK_TIMESTAMP FIX_TIMESTAMP
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------------- -----------------
36378 9 131 T0608_1 mark block software corrupt FALSE 20150610 09:13:37
###dump bock 9/131 能获得完整的block content，因为此时并未把这个block标记为corrupt
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 15 rdba: 0x02400083 (9/131)
scn: 0x0b92.63816860 seq: 0x01 flg: 0x06 tail: 0x68600601
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xfcec type: 0x06=trans data
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
。。。。。
Block header dump: 0x02400083
Object id on Block? Y
seg/obj: 0x8e72 csc: 0xb92.6381632c itc: 2 flg: E typ: 1 - DATA
brn: 0 bdba: 0x2400080 ver: 0x01 opc: 0
inc: 0 exflg: 0
Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc
0x01 0x000a.013.000102b3 0x00c138d7.2d6b.0d C--- 0 scn 0x0b92.6380fddf
0x02 0x0003.004.0000144b 0x00c13104.09f7.01 --U- 1 fsc 0x0000.63816860
bdba: 0x02400083
data_block_dump,data header at 0x11085da64
。。。。。
tsiz: 0x1f98
hsiz: 0x3c
pbl: 0x11085da64
76543210
flag=--------
ntab=1
nrow=21
frre=-1
fsbo=0x3c
fseo=0x1d98
avsp=0x1000
###RMAN backup对于未被标记为corrupt的block不认为是corrupt，因此无需使用set maxcorrupt for datafile X to Y
RMAN> backup datafile 9;
Starting backup at 20150610 09:16:47
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=4 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20150610 09:16:48
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20150610 09:16:49
piece handle=/oradata06/fra/TSTDB1/backupset/2015_06_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150610T091648_1kAx8lPjJ_.bkp tag=TAG20150610T091648 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20150610 09:16:49
###执行dbms_repair.fix_corrupt_blocks，block被标记为corrupt
variable v_fix_count number;
exec DBMS_REPAIR.FIX_CORRUPT_BLOCKS(schema_name=>'SCOTT',object_name=>'T0608_1',object_type=>DBMS_REPAIR.TABLE_OBJECT,repair_table_name=>'REPAIR_0608_1',fix_count=>:v_fix_count);
print :v_fix_count
V_FIX_COUNT
----------------
1
---marked_corrupt=TRUE
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select object_id,relative_file_id,block_id,object_name,repair_description,marked_corrupt,check_timestamp,fix_timestamp from DBA_REPAIR_0608_1;
OBJECT_ID RELATIVE_FILE_ID BLOCK_ID OBJECT_NAM REPAIR_DESCRIPTION MARKED_COR CHECK_TIMESTAMP FIX_TIMESTAMP
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------------- -----------------
36378 9 131 T0608_1 mark block software corrupt TRUE 20150610 09:13:37 20150610 09:21:15
###对于标记为corrupt block的block进行dump
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 15 rdba: 0x02400083 (9/131)
scn: 0x0b92.638380a5 seq: 0xff flg: 0x04 tail: 0x80a506ff
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x0212 type: 0x06=trans data
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
###再次运行dbv和validate logical datafile，输出信息表示有一个block被marked corrupt
tstdb1@jq570322b:/home/tstdb1>dbv file=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Jun 10 09:31:14 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBV-00200: Block, DBA 37748867, already marked corrupt
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 4096
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 18
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 4037
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 41
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1669467084 (2962.1669467084)
RMAN> validate check logical datafile 9;
Starting validate at 20150610 10:11:27
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) for validation
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
9 OK 1 41 4097 12723362597836
File Name: /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 17
Index 0 0
Other 0 4038
Finished validate at 20150610 10:11:28
###software corrupt block 产生ORA-01578
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select * from scott.t0608_1;
select * from scott.t0608_1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 9, block # 131)
ORA-01110: data file 9: '/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf'
###backup依然不需要指定maxcorrupt
RMAN> backup datafile 9;
Starting backup at 20150610 12:49:53
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20150610 12:49:53
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20150610 12:49:54
piece handle=/oradata06/fra/TSTDB1/backupset/2015_06_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150610T124953_1kB72pfK5_.bkp tag=TAG20150610T124953 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20150610 12:49:54
//
// Part 2. 实测db_block_checking参数对于Soft corrupt block的检测功能
//
###重新创建测试对象
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> create table scott.t0608_1 tablespace ts0608 as select * from all_users;
Table created.
set linesize 120 pagesize 30
select distinct dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from scott.t0608_1;
DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID)
------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
9 155
###db_block_checking=medium、db_block_checksum=TYPICAL
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> show parameter db_block
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_block_buffers integer 0
db_block_checking string MEDIUM
db_block_checksum string TYPICAL
db_block_size integer 8192
###BBED修改kdbhtosp
set filename '/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf'
set block 155
BBED> print kdbhtosp
sb2 kdbhtosp @136 7540
BBED> modify /u 6000
BBED> print kdbhtosp
sb2 kdbhtosp @136 6000
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 155:
current = 0x0114, required = 0x0114
alter system flush buffer_cache;
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select count(*) from scott.t0608_1;
COUNT(*)
----------
21
###dbv 检测出155这个logical corrupt block
tstdb1@jq570322b:/home/tstdb1>dbv file=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Jun 10 13:30:54 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBV-00200: Block, DBA 37748867, already marked corrupt
Block Checking: DBA = 37748891, Block Type = KTB-managed data block
data header at 0x1103b707c
kdbchk: avsp(7540) > tosp(6000)
Page 155 failed with check code 6128
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 4096
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 19
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 1
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 4040
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 37
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1669579300 (2962.1669579300)
###update时报错
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> update scott.t0608_1 set USERNAME='AAA' where username='XS$NULL';
update scott.t0608_1 set USERNAME='AAA' where username='XS$NULL'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError], [9], [155], [6128], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
###本来OK的select也报了ORA-01578
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select count(*) from scott.t0608_1;
select count(*) from scott.t0608_1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 9, block # 155)
ORA-01110: data file 9: '/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf'
###dbv结果显示DBA 37748891对应就是9/155这个block被marked corrupt，DBA 37748867这个block是之前测试留下的，忽略掉
tstdb1@jq570322b:/home/tstdb1>dbv file=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Jun 10 13:38:23 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBV-00200: Block, DBA 37748867, already marked corrupt
DBV-00200: Block, DBA 37748891, already marked corrupt
csc(0x0b92.6383c21d) higher than block scn(0x0000.00000000)
Page 155 failed with check code 6054
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 4096
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 19
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 1
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 4040
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 37
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 2
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1669579300 (2962.1669579300)
Finished validate at 20150610 13:37:00
###新增block 155坏块
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;
FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
9 131 1 1.2723E+13 CORRUPT
9 155 1 0 CORRUPT
### dump 9/155显示其seq=0xff，表眀是一个software corrupt block
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 15 rdba: 0x0240009b (9/155)
scn: 0x0000.00000000 seq: 0xff flg: 0x04 tail: 0x000006ff
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x94f8 type: 0x06=trans data
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
### 使用BBED里的revert命令回退对于kdbhtosp的修改
BBED> revert
All changes made in this session will be rolled back. Proceed? (Y/N) Y
Reverted file '/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf', block 155
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) Y
### 重新validate datafile 9，Marked Corrupt的数量减少为1
alter system flush buffer_cache;
RMAN> validate check logical datafile 9;
Starting validate at 20150610 13:47:27
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) for validation
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
9 OK 1 37 4097 12723362710052
File Name: /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 18
Index 0 0
Other 0 4041
Finished validate at 20150610 13:47:29
###dbv输出中DBA 37748891消失了
tstdb1@jq570322b:/home/tstdb1>dbv file=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Jun 10 13:49:53 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBV-00200: Block, DBA 37748867, already marked corrupt
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 4096
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 19
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 4040
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 37
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1669579300 (2962.1669579300)
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;
FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------
9 131 1 12723362693285 CORRUPT
###修改db_block_checking=off
alter system set db_block_checking=off scope=memory;
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> show parameter db_block_checking
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_block_checking string OFF
###再次使用BBED修改kdbhtosp
BBED> modify /x 1200
File: /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf (0)
BBED> print kdbhtosp
sb2 kdbhtosp @136 4608
BBED> sum
Check value for File 0, Block 155:
current = 0x0b10, required = 0x0114
###update
alter system flush buffer_cache;
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select count(*) from scott.t0608_1;
COUNT(*)
----------------
21
---db_block_checking=off的情况下update成功
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> update scott.t0608_1 set USERNAME='AAA' where username='XS$NULL';
1 row updated.
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
---db_block_checking=MEDIUM的情况下update又出现了600错(经测试db_block_checking=LOW时不会检测出corrupt)
alter system set db_block_checking=MEDIUM scope=memory;
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> update scott.t0608_1 set USERNAME='AAA' where username='XS$NULL';
update scott.t0608_1 set USERNAME='AAA' where username='XS$NULL'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError], [9], [155], [6128], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
###再次运行dbv显示DBA 37748891被标记为了corrupt block
tstdb1@jq570322b:/home/tstdb1>dbv file=/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Jun 10 14:12:04 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf
DBV-00200: Block, DBA 37748867, already marked corrupt
DBV-00200: Block, DBA 37748891, already marked corrupt
csc(0x0b92.6383c21d) higher than block scn(0x0000.00000000)
Page 155 failed with check code 6054
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 4096
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 19
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 1
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 4040
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 37
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 2
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1669579300 (2962.1669579300)
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select * from scott.t0608_1;
select * from scott.t0608_1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 9, block # 155)
ORA-01110: data file 9: '/oradata06/testaaaaa/ts0608_1.dbf'
alter system flush buffer_cache;
SYS@tstdb1-SQL> select count(*) from scott.t0608_1;
COUNT(*)
----------------
21
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