linuxSHELL学习之文件比较

一、test命令能够测试linux文件系统上的文件状态和路径
-d file   检查file是否是存在并且是一个目录
-e file   检查file是否存在
-f file   检查file是否存在并且是一个文件
-r file   检查file是否存在并且可读
-s file   检查file是否存在并且不为空
-w file   检查file是否存在并且可写
-x file   检查file是否存在并且可执行
-O file   检查file是否存在并且被当前用户拥有
-G file   检查file是否存在并且默认用户组是否为当前用户组
file1  -nt  file2  检查file1是否比file2新
file1  -ot  file2  检查file1是否比file2旧
1、检查目录
-d 检查一个文件是否作为目录存在于系统中，如果想将文件写到一个目录下，或者在视图改变到目录位置之前，通常使用此操作：
[root@t1 ~]# cat t6.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ -d $HOME ]
then
  echo "your home directory exists"
  cd $HOME
  ls -a
else
  echo "there is a problem with your directory"
fi
[root@t1 ~]# ./t6.sh
your home directory exists
.   .bashrc   .gconf     .gtkrc-1.2-gnome2 .nautilus     t1.sh  .tcshrc
..   .chewing  .gconfd     .ICEauthority readline-5.0  t2.sh  .thumbnails
anaconda-ks.cfg  .cshrc    .gnome     install.log  .redhat       t3.sh  .Trash
.bash_history  Desktop   .gnome2     install.log.syslog rlwrap-0.37   t4.sh  .Xauthority
.bash_logout  .dmrc    .gnome2_private  l   .scim       t5.sh  .xsession-errors
.bash_profile  .eggcups  .gstreamer-0.10  .metacity  .ssh       t6.sh
2、检查对象是否存在
-e 在脚本中使用文件或者目录之前，-e比较能够检查他们是否存在：
[root@t1 ~]# cat t7.sh
#!/bin/bash
#checking if a directory exists
if [ -e $HOME ]
then
  echo "OK on the directory ,now let's check the file"
  #checking if a file exists
  if [ -e $HOME/testing ]
  then
    #the file exists,appand date to it
    echo "Appanding date to existing file"
    date >> $HOME/testing
  else
    #the file does't exist,create a new file
    echo "creating new file"
    date > $HOME/testing
  fi
else
  echo "sorry ,you don't have a home directory"
fi
[root@t1 ~]# ./t7.sh
OK on the directory ,now let's check the file
Appanding date to existing file
3、检查文件
-e比较适用于文件也适用于目录，要确定指定的对象是一个文件，必须使用-f比较：
[root@t1 ~]# cat t8.sh
#!/bin/bash
#check if a file
if [ -e $HOME ]
then
  echo "the objet exists,is it a file"
  if [ -f $HOME ]
  then
     echo "yes ,it's a file"
  else
     echo "it is not a file"
     if [ -f $HOME/.bash_profile ]
     then
        echo "yes,it's a file"
     else
        echo "no,it's not a file"
     fi
  fi
else
  echo "sorry,the object doesn't exist"
fi

[root@t1 ~]# ./t8.sh
the objet exists,is it a file
it is not a file
yes,it's a file
4、是否可读
-r 判断文件是否可读
[root@t1 ~]# ls -l |grep t8.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root   root    361 07-02 18:07 t8.sh
[root@t1 ~]# cat t9.sh
#!/bin/bash
#testing is you can read the file
if [ -f $HOME/t8.sh ]
then
  #now,test is you can read the file
  if [ -r $HOME/t8.sh ]
  then
     echo "you can read the file"
  else
     echo "you can't read the file"
  fi
else
  echo "sorry the file dasen't exist"
fi

[root@t1 ~]# ./t9.sh
you can read the file
5、检查空文件
-s 用来检查文件是否不为空，当比较成功时则表明文件包含数据
[oracle@t1 ~]$ cat t10.sh
#!/bin/bash
#testing if a file is empty
if  [ -s $HOME ]
then
  echo "the file is exist and not empty"
else
  if [ -e $HOME ]
  then
     echo "the file is exist but empty"
   else
     echo "the file doesn't exist"
   fi
fi
[oracle@t1 ~]$ ./t10.sh
the file is exist and not empty
6、检查是否能够向文件中写数据
-w 用于判断是否可以像文件中写入数据
[oracle@t1 ~]$ ./t11.sh
you cat write to it
[oracle@t1 ~]$ cat t11.sh
#!/bin/bash
#test if a file can be write
if [ -r $HOME ]
then
  echo "you cat write to it"
else
  echo "you can't write to it"
fi

[oracle@t1 ~]$ ./t11.sh
you cat write to it
7、检查是否能够运行文件
-x 用于检查是否对一个文件有运行的权限
[oracle@t1 ~]$ cat t12.sh
#!/bin/bash
#test if can run the file
if [ -x $HOME/t1.sh ]
then
  echo "you can run the file"
else
  echo "sorry,you can't run the file"
fi
[oracle@t1 ~]$ ./t12.sh
sorry,you can't run the file
8、检查文件所有权
-O用于检查您是否是文件的所有者   -G用于检查文件是否属于默认组（而不是用户所在的组）
[root@t1 ~]# ./t13.sh
you are the owner of the file
[root@t1 ~]# cat t13.sh
#!/bin/bash
#test if the file is yours
if [  -O $HOME/t1.sh ]
then
   echo "you are the owner of the file"
else
   echo "you are not the owner of the file"
fi
[root@t1 ~]# ./t13.sh
you are the owner of the file
9、检查文件日期
file1 -nt file2 用于判断file1是否比file2新
[root@t1 ~]# cat t14.sh
#!/bin/bash
#test file date
if [ t2.sh -nt t1.sh ]
then
  echo "file t2.sh is newer than file t1.sh"
else
  echo "file t2.sh is older than file t1.sh"
fi

[root@t1 ~]# ./t14.sh
file t2.sh is newer than file t1.sh
file1 -ot file2用于判断file1是否比file2旧
[root@t1 ~]# cat t15.sh
#!/bin/bash
#test file date
if [ t1.sh -ot t2.sh ]
then
  echo "file t1.sh is older than file t2.sh"
else
  echo "file t1.sh is newer than file t2.sh"
fi

[root@t1 ~]# ./t15.sh
file t1.sh is older than file t2.sh
**如果参加比较的两个文件有任意一个不存在则返回的结果就是不成功状态

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