VMware Workstation中Linux虚拟机克隆后的网络配置

 

1 现象与原因

VMware Workstation中Linux模版虚拟机网络连接采用NAT模式，克隆后查看网络设置与对应的配置文件，发现不一致，具体如下：

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:B5:A8:81 

          inet addr:192.168.230.139  Bcast:192.168.230.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb5:a881/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:134 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:34006 (33.2 KiB)  TX bytes:7979 (7.7 KiB)

 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 

          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1

          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:480 (480.0 b)  TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)

 

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg*

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo

原因如下：redhat使用udev动态管理设备文件，并根据设备的信息对其进行持久化命名。udev会在系统引导的过程中识别网卡，将mac地址和网卡名称对应起来记录在udev的规则脚本中。而对于新的虚拟机，VMware会自动为虚拟机的网卡生成MAC地址，当你克隆或者重装虚拟机软件时，由于你使用的是以前系统虚拟硬盘的信息，而该系统中已经有eth0的信息，对于新增的网卡，udev会自动将其命名为eth1（累加的原则），所以在你的系统启动后，你使用ifconfig看到的网卡名为eth1。这时候在/etc/sysconfig/network-script/下依然是eth0的配置文件，重启网络就会出现如下问题：

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart

Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]

Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]

Bringing up interface eth0:  Device eth0 does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.

                                                           [FAILED]

 

2 解决方法

（1）备份配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules.bak

 

（2）修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules,删除eth0有关内容，修改eth1为eth0, 记录下这个新eth0的mac地址 。

修改前/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules的内容如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules

# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.

#

# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single

# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.

 

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:f6:7c:14", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

 

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:b5:a8:81", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"

使用vim修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

修改后/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules内容如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules

# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.

#

# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single

# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.

 

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)

 

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:b5:a8:81", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

 

（3）修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0,修改其中的mac地址为步骤（2）中记录的地址。

修改前/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0内容如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"

HWADDR="00:0C:29:F6:7C:14"

NM_CONTROLLED="yes"

ONBOOT="no"

使用vim修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

修改后/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0内容如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"

HWADDR="00:0c:29:b5:a8:81"

NM_CONTROLLED="yes"

ONBOOT="yes"

 

（4）重启后恢复正常。

[root@localhost ~]# init 6

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