failover =
(DESCRIPTION =
(enable=broken)
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hprac-22)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hprac-23)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hprac-24)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hprac-25)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
(failover_mode=(type=select)(method=basic))
)
)
对于已有连接的失败切换,首先要求FAILOVER = ON,并且设置了FAILOVER_MODE
FAILOVER_MODE的子参数含义:
TYPE:1)session---如果用户连接丢失,将创建一个新的会话连接到备用节点,用户的所有未提交的操作必须回滚,然后再次执行,SELECT操作也被中止.
2)select---如果用户连接丢失,将使用游标和之前的快照继续执行SELECT操作,叫做SQL接管,SQL接管能够无缝接管理的事务类型只有SELECT语句.其它的操作也必须要回滚然后再次执行.
3)none---客户端默认值,禁止SQL接管功能,主要用于测试的目地,在实际应用中TYPE应指定为session 或者select
METHOD:1)basic---仅仅在FAILOVER发生时才连接备用节点
2)preconnect---在用户连接到主节点时同时也在备用节点产生一个连接会话,设置预连接模式,能够快速接管SQL
RETRIES:当前节点失败后,失败切换功能会尝试连接备用节点,这个值确定了尝试的次数,如果仅DELAY被指定,RETRIES默认为5
DELAY:两次尝试之间等待的秒数,如果仅指定RETRIES,DELAY默认为1秒
BACKUP:指定另外一个用于备份连接的网络服务名,当RAC设置为主次模式时,使用此参数,并且METHOD应该设为preconnect
如果要使用预连接,就不能使用客户端负载均衡和服务器端负载均衡,否则没有意义!!!
具有客户端负载均衡及透明应用切换无预连接的tnsnames配置
RAC9I =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac9iaw)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac9ibw)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = ON)
(FAILOVER = ON)
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac9i.xyf)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(TYPE = select)
(METHOD = basic)
(RETRIES = 10)
(DELAY = 1)
)
)
)
无客户端负载均衡有透明应用切换且有预连接的tnsnames配置
RAC9I1 =
(DEscrīptION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac9iaw)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = OFF)
(FAILOVER = ON)
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac9i.xyf)
(INSTANCE_NAME = rac9i1)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(BACKUP=RAC9I2)
(TYPE = select)
(METHOD = preconnect)
)
)
)
RAC9I2 =
(DEscrīptION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac9ibw)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = OFF)
(FAILOVER = ON)
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac9i.xyf)
(INSTANCE_NAME = rac9i2)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(BACKUP=RAC9I1)
(TYPE = select)
(METHOD = preconnect)
)
)
)
RAC设置为主次模式时的tnsnames配置
无客户端负载均衡(主次模式就不要客户端负载均衡了),有透明应用切换且有预连接的tnsnames配置
RAC9I1 =
(DEscrīptION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac9iaw)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac9ibw)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = OFF)
(FAILOVER = ON)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac9i.xyf)
(INSTANCE_ROLE = PRIMARY)
(INSTANCE_NAME = rac9i1)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(BACKUP=RAC9I2)
(TYPE = select)
(METHOD = preconnect)
)
)
)
RAC9I2 =
(DEscrīptION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac9ibw)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac9iaw)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = OFF)
(FAILOVER = ON)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac9i.xyf)
(INSTANCE_ROLE = SECONDARY)
(INSTANCE_NAME = rac9i2)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(BACKUP=RAC9I1)
(TYPE = select)
(METHOD = preconnect)
)
)
)
也可以设置为有透明应用切换但无预连接的模式,只要把上面的设置中的METHOD设置为basic。
与双主模式时的配置相比,多了INSTANCE_ROLE这样一个参数,当这个参数为SECONDARY时,这个本地服务命名不直接接收连接,只在主节点失败后才会接收连接。不直接接收连接,并不是指在客户端不能连通这个服务命名,只不过这个连接会被路由到主节点,次要次点并不真正有连接连上去。
自动切换特性是OCI8的内在特性,以下表格列出对TAF的support status
Application or Tool
Earliest release with TAF Support
Oracle Call Interface (Oracle Call Interface)
Release 8
Release 8
ODBC driver
Release 8.0.5
JDBC driver
Release 8.1.5 (thick driver only)
Pro* Pre-compilers
Release 8.0.6 for transparent reconnect
Release 8.1.5 for full transparent functionality
SQL*Plus
Release 8.0.4
Oracle Objects™ for OLE
Release 8i
测试
> sqlplus su/su@failover
SQL*Plus: Release 9.0.1.3.0 - Production on Thu Jun 6 19:44:57 2002
(c) Copyright 2001 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.0.1.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning and Real Application Clusters options
JServer Release 9.0.1.3.0 - Production
SQL> col sid format 999
SQL> col serial# format 9999999
SQL> col failover_type format a13
SQL> col failover_method format a15
SQL> col failed_over format a11
SQL> select sid, serial#, failover_type, failover_method, failed_over
from v$session where username = 'SU';
SID SERIAL# FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_METHOD FAILED_OVER
---------- ---------- ------------- --------------- -----------
13 8 SELECT BASIC NO
If you see NONE under failover_type and failover_method, STOP!! You need
to fix your tnsnames.ora file, it does not make sense to continue to test
'shutdown abort' or reboot server.
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
rac4
*** Due to the load balancing, we need to find out which instance it currently connects to. Now, we can continue our TAF testing.
SQL> select count(*) from
(select * from dba_source
union
select * from dba_source
union
select * from dba_source
union
select * from dba_source
union
select * from dba_source)
/
*** At this point, I ‘shutdown abort’ rac4 from another window. The query
did not stop and the result should be back.
COUNT(*)
----------
60221
*** The query results is back without any error.
SQL> col sid format 999
SQL> col serial# format 9999999
SQL> col failover_type format a13
SQL> col failover_method format a15
SQL> col failed_over format a11
SQL> select sid, serial#, failover_type, failover_method, failed_over
from v$session where username = 'SU';
SID SERIAL# FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_METHOD FAILED_OVER
---------- ---------- ------------- --------------- -----------
13 5 SELECT BASIC YES
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
rac1
*** Note here, it failed over to rac1 with different serial# and
failed_over flag was set.
Restarted rac4, make this database back to 4 instances database.
SQL> select count(*) from
(select * from dba_source
union
select * from dba_source
union
select * from dba_source
union
select * from dba_source
union
select * from dba_source)
/
*** At this point, I ‘shutdown abort’ rac1 from another window. The query
did not stop and the result should be back.
COUNT(*)
----------
60221
The query results is back without any error.
SQL>
SID SERIAL# FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_METHOD FAILED_OVER
---------- ---------- ------------- --------------- -----------
14 20 SELECT BASIC YES
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
rac2
*** Note here, it failed over to rac2 with different sid, serial# and
failed_over flag was set.
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