Oracle性能 - 常用查询诊断及调整脚本[不断更新] (final)
一， 现象：系统运行缓慢，负载较高
1. 实时查询长时间操作的SQL(或者通过OEM图形界面查看)
使用视图 V$SESSION_LONGOPS，查询运行超过6秒钟的操作，这些操作也包括很多备份
恢复功能，统计信息收集，查询操作，不同版本可能有更多的操作加入 。
Oracle OEM中的长时间操作就是读取这个视图。要监控query execution progress，
必须满足以下前提条件:
1) Oracle优化器使用 CBO;
2) 数据对象已经收集了统计信息;
3) 初始化参数 TIMED_STATISTICS = true 或是 SQL_TRACE = true ;
如果是Oracle RAC, 可以使用以下脚本：
SELECT a.opname, a.SID, a.serial#,
a.sql_id, a.start_time, a.time_remaining, a.elapsed_seconds,
b.sql_fulltext, a.MESSAGE
FROM gv$session_longops a, gv$sql b
WHERE a.start_time > SYSDATE - 0.1
AND a.time_remaining > 0 AND a.sql_id = b.sql_id
ORDER BY a.start_time DESC;
如果是单机, 可以使用以下脚本：
SELECT a.opname,
a.SID,
a.serial#,
a.sql_id,
a.start_time,
a.time_remaining,
a.elapsed_seconds,
b.sql_fulltext,
a.MESSAGE,
b.module,
b.executions
FROM v$session_longops a, v$sql b
WHERE a.start_time > SYSDATE - 0.1
AND a.time_remaining > 0
AND a.sql_id = b.sql_id
ORDER BY a.start_time DESC;
2. 10g或以上版本通过视图SYS.wrh$_active_session_history查询历史等待事件及SQL
查詢等待事件及TX锁表
SELECT session_id, sql_id, program, blocking_session,
blocking_session_serial#
FROM SYS.wrh$_active_session_history a, v$event_name b
WHERE sample_time BETWEEN TO_DATE ('2011/01/24 21:50', 'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi')
AND TO_DATE ('2011/01/24 22:35', 'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi')
AND a.event_id = b.event_id;
SELECT session_id, sql_id, program, blocking_session,
blocking_session_serial#
FROM SYS.wrh$_active_session_history a, v$event_name b
WHERE sample_time BETWEEN TO_DATE ('2011/01/24 21:50', 'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi')
AND TO_DATE ('2011/01/24 22:35', 'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi')
AND a.event_id = b.event_id
AND b.NAME = 'enq: TX - row lock contention';
SELECT session_id, sql_id, program, blocking_session,blocking_session_serial#
FROM SYS.dba_hist_active_sess_history
WHERE sample_time BETWEEN TO_DATE ('2011/04/14 06:00', 'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi')
AND TO_DATE ('2011/04/14 08:30', 'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi')
AND session_type = 'FOREGROUND'
-- AND event = '' ;
SELECT * FROM v$event_name
1.获取最大的磁盘读的SQL语句
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT PARSING_USER_ID EXECUTIONS,
SORTS,
COMMAND_TYPE,
DISK_READS,
sql_text
FROM v$sqlarea
ORDER BY disk_reads DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM < 20;
2. 通过Linux PID及SID查询相关SQL及程序：
select a.sid,a.serial#, a.program,b.spid from v$session a,v$process b
where a.paddr=b.addr and b.spid in ('1245','2985','5884');
spid为top查看到的os段的process id .
紧急处理时候可以通过kill session方式或直接kill os process来结束进程。
Alter system kill session 'SID,SERIAL#' ;
Kill -9 SPID (unix,linux)
orakill sid(oracle_instance_name) spid (windows)
select a.username,a.machine,a.program,b.spid,c.sql_text
from v$session a,v$process b,v$sqlarea c
where a.paddr=b.addr and c.hash_value=a.sql_hash_value
and c.address=a.sql_address and b.spid=12984 ;
知道有问题的SPID情况下查看正在运行的SQL .
SELECT a.username,a.machine,a.program,a.sid,a.serial#,a.status,c.piece,c.sql_text
from v$session a,v$process b,v$sqltext c
WHERE b.spid='14150'
AND b.addr=a.paddr AND a.sql_address=c.address(+)order BY c.piece
3. 查询Oracle库中的Lock (或通过Toad中session browser或OEM参看lock情况)
查看数据库中的锁(LOCK),找出程序及SQL
SELECT se.inst_id, se.SID, se.serial#,lk.SID,
se.username,se.OSUser,se.Machine,se.program,
DECODE (lk.TYPE,
'TX', 'Transaction',
'TM', 'DML',
'UL', 'PL/SQL User Lock',
lk.TYPE)
lock_type,
DECODE (lk.lmode,
0, 'None',
1, 'Null',
2, 'Row-S (SS)',
3, 'Row-X (SX)',
4, 'Share',
5, 'S/Row-X (SSX)',
6, 'Exclusive',
TO_CHAR (lk.lmode))
mode_held,
DECODE (lk.request,
0, 'None',
1, 'Null',
2, 'Row-S (SS)',
3, 'Row-X (SX)',
4, 'Share',
5, 'S/Row-X (SSX)',
6, 'Exclusive',
TO_CHAR (lk.request))
mode_requested,
TO_CHAR (lk.id1) lock_id1,
TO_CHAR (lk.id2) lock_id2,
ob.owner,
ob.object_type,
ob.object_name,
DECODE (lk.Block,
0,
'No',
1,
'Yes',
2,
'Global')
block,
se.lockwait,
sq.sql_fulltext
FROM GV$lock lk, dba_objects ob, GV$session se, GV$sql sq
WHERE lk.TYPE IN ('TM', 'UL')
AND lk.SID = se.SID
AND lk.id1 = ob.object_id(+)
AND (lk.inst_id = se.inst_id)
AND sq.address=se.sql_address ;
软硬解析数 ：
select a.value as total_Parse, b.value as hard_parse,
a.value - b.value as soft_parse
from v$mystat a , v$mystat b,v$statname aa , v$statname bb
where aa.name = 'parse count (total)'
and bb.name = 'parse count (hard)'
and aa.statistic# = a.statistic#
and bb.statistic# = b.statistic# ;
查询坏块：
SELECT segment_name,segment_type,extent_id,block_id, blocks
from dba_extents t where file_id = 10
AND 51896 between block_id and (block_id + blocks - 1)
查询当前运行的程序：
select a.username,a.machine,a.program,b.spid,a.serial#,a.sid from v$session a,v$process b
where a.paddr=b.addr and b.spid in () ;
select a.username,a.machine,a.program,b.spid,a.serial#,a.sid from v$session a,v$process b
where a.paddr=b.addr and a.sid in () ;
select a.username,a.machine,a.program,b.spid,a.serial#,a.sid from v$session a,v$process b
where a.paddr=b.addr and a.machine in () ;
select a.serial#, a.sid,b.spid from v$session a,v$process b
where a.paddr=b.addr and b.spid in ('1245','2985','5884');
Alter system kill session 'SID,SERIAL#' ;
Kill -9 SPID (unix,linux)
orakill sid(oracle_instance_name) spid (windows)
4. 通过AWR查询性能问题(默认有1小时延迟，不能查询当前时间的session)
SQL> conn / AS SYSDBA
SQL> @/u01/product/oracle/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql
输入 report_type 的值:
输入 num_days 的值: 2 --- 现在到过去两天时间内的snap id (可以查看到).
输入 begin_snap 的值: 2147 --- 输入的开始及结束的snap id 对应您要查找的出现问题的时间段。
输入 end_snap 的值: 2182
输入 report_name 的值:
Report written to awrrpt_1_2177_2182.html
SQL> exit
下载awrrpt_1_2177_2182.html并打开查看。
ASH保存了系统最新的处于等待的会话记录，可以用来诊断数据库的当前状态；
而AWR中的信息最长可能有1小时的延迟，所以其采样信息并不能用于诊断数据
库的当前状态，但可以用来作为一段时期内数据库性能调整的参考。
5. 查询物理读写严重的SQL及查询哪个SID最消耗资源
查看占I/O较大的正在运行的session
SELECT se.sid,se.serial#,pr.SPID,se.username,se.status,se.terminal,se.program,se.MODULE,
se.sql_address,st.event,st.p1text,si.physical_reads,si.block_changes
FROM v$session se,v$session_wait st,v$sess_io si,v$process pr
WHERE st.sid=se.sid AND st.sid=si.sid AND se.PADDR=pr.ADDR AND se.sid>6 AND st.wait_time=0
AND st.event NOT LIKE '%SQL%'
ORDER BY physical_reads DESC ;
查询物理读写严重的SQL
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT sql_text, module,
disk_reads / DECODE (executions, 0, 1, executions) AS tt
FROM v$sqlarea a
ORDER BY tt DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM <= 20
查询哪个SID最消耗资源
select s.sid,s.value "CPU Used"
from v$sesstat s,v$statname n
where s.statistic#=n.statistic# and n.name='CPU used by this session'
and s.value>0
order by 2 desc;
查找前十条性能差的SQL
SELECT * FROM
(select PARSING_USER_ID,EXECUTIONS,SORTS,COMMAND_TYPE,DISK_READS,sql_text
FROM v$sqlarea order BY disk_reads DESC )
where ROWNUM<10 ;
6. 查询物件统计信息是否不是最新的。
select * from dba_tables
where wner='DFMS' and table_name='TEST' and LAST_ANALYZED >= sysdate-1
and status='VALID';
select * from dba_indexes where LAST_ANALYZED
where wner='DFMS' and index_name='IDX_TEST' and LAST_ANALYZED >= sysdate-1;
select * from dba_tab_columns where LAST_ANALYZED
where wner='DFMS' and table_name='TEST' and LAST_ANALYZED >= sysdate-1
and COLUMN_NAME='XXXXX' ;
7. 绑定变量窥视(Peeking)问题
9i, 10g 绑定变量窥视使得执行计划出现变化 。11g有改善。如果出现此类
问题导致的性能问题， 需要升级到11g, 或者加入hint进行强制改变执行计划。
8. 坏块导致系统性能 (当然一般alert log中都有error, 查询坏块)
SELECT segment_name,segment_type,extent_id,block_id, blocks
from dba_extents t
where file_id = 10
AND 51896 between block_id and (block_id + blocks - 1)
8. Oracle9i, 10g buffer cache及Library Cache的命中率及其他
9i 命中率 :
// oracle9i data buffer hit ratio .
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# = 42;
10g 命中率 :
// oracle10g data buffer hit ratio .
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 47 and b.statistic# = 50 and c.statistic# = 54;
监控SGA Library Cache的命中率，应该小于1%
select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache
from v$librarycache;
select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"
from v$librarycache;
監控內存和硬盤的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10，增加PGA
SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)');
9. redo log都处于active状态。
select * from v$log ; 查看redo log是否都出于active状态，以及大小及组数
是否需要调大 。
10. 碎片程度定期查看
查看碎片程度高的表
SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
FROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY segment_name
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name);
分析index的碎片程度：
SQL> analyze index dfms.IDX1_WIP_D_WO_DETAIL_COMID validate structure ;
SQL> select name, del_lf_rows, lf_rows, round((del_lf_rows/(lf_rows+0.0000000001))*100)
2 "Frag Percent" from index_stats where name = 'IDX1_WIP_D_WO_DETAIL_COMID' ;
11. OS及网络查看命令
top, sar, vmstat, iostat, ping , tnsping, route, traceroute,
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/35489/viewspace-700610/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/35489/viewspace-700610/
163
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
