操作规范（四）——Linux 5.4安装Oracle 11gR2
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1. 环境说明
操作系统平台：Redhat Linux 5.4
Oracle版本：Oracle 11gR2
数据存储方式：文件系统
主机名：ora11gR2
实例名：ora11gR2
[oracle@ora11g database]$ uname -a
Linux LinuxNBU65 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:54 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[oracle@ora11g database]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
[oracle@ora11g database]$ lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch
Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer
Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
Release: 5.4
Codename: Tikanga
[oracle@ora11g database]$ [@more@]
[oracle@ora11g database]$ uname -a
Linux LinuxNBU65 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:54 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[oracle@ora11g database]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
[oracle@ora11g database]$ lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch
Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer
Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
Release: 5.4
Codename: Tikanga
[oracle@ora11g database]$
2. 系统环境准备
2.1. 修改 /etc/hosts 文件
# more /etc/hosts 根据实际环境添加相应主机、IP的映射
127.0.0.1 localhost
172.16.188.101 ora11gR2
2.2. Checking the Software Requirements
2.2.1. Operating System Requirements
The following or later versions of the operating systems are required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
· On Linux x86:
o Asianux 2 Update 7
o Asianux 3
o Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
o Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
o Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
o Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
o SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2
o SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
· On Linux x86-64
o Asianux 2
o Asianux 3
o Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
o Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
o Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
o Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
o SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2
o SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
[root@ora11gR2 ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-164.el5 (mockbuild@x86-002.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:54 EDT 2009
[root@ora11gR2 ~]#
[root@ora11gR2 ~]# lsb_release -id
Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer
Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
[root@ora11gR2 ~]#
[root@ora11gR2 ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch
Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer
Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
Release: 5.4
Codename: Tikanga
[root@ora11gR2 ~]#
[root@ora11gR2 ~]#
2.2.2. Kernel Requirements
On Asianux 3, Oracle Enterprise Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5:
2.6.18 or later
[root@ora11gR2 ~]# uname -r
2.6.18-164.el5
[root@ora11gR2 ~]#
2.2.3. Package Requirements
Asianux 3, Oracle Enterprise Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
使用rpm –q命令检查下系统是否已经安装了以上软件包，上传并安装缺失的软件包
rpm -q binutils
rpm -q compat-libstdc++
rpm -q elfutils-libelf
rpm -q elfutils-libelf-devel
rpm -q elfutils-libelf-devel-static
rpm -q gcc
rpm -q gcc-c++
rpm -q glibc
rpm -q glibc-common
rpm -q glibc-devel
rpm -q glibc-headers
rpm -q kernel-headers
rpm -q ksh
rpm -q libaio
rpm -q libaio-devel
rpm -q libgcc
rpm -q libgomp
rpm -q libstdc++
rpm -q libstdc++-devel
rpm -q make
rpm -q sysstat
rpm -q unixODBC
rpm -q unixODBC-devel
简化为一条命令：
rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel|grep not
[root@ora11gR2 rpm]# rpm -e compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386
[root@ora11gR2 rpm]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
warning: compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 025e513b
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:compat-libstdc++ ########################################### [100%]
[root@ora11gR2 rpm]#
[root@ora11gR2 rpm]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm
warning: libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libaio-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@ora11gR2 rpm]#
[root@ora11gR2 rpm]# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
warning: unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:unixODBC ########################################### [ 50%]
2:unixODBC-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@ora11gR2 rpm]#
2.3. Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users
[root@ ora11gR2 /]# groupadd -g 501 oinstall
[root@ ora11gR2 /]# groupadd -g 502 dba
[root@ ora11gR2 /]# groupadd -g 503 asmdba
[root@ora11g R2 /]# useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle
[root@ora11g R2 /]# passwd oracle
2.4. Configure Oracle Installation Owner Shell Limits
使用文本编辑器将下面列出的行添加到/etc/security/limits.conf、/etc/pam.d/login 和 /etc/profile。
2.4.1. /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@ora11g ~]#vi /etc/security/limits.conf 添加以下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
2.4.2. /etc/pam.d/login
[root@ora11g ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login 添加以下内容
session required pam_limits.so
2.4.3. /etc/profile
[root@ora11g ~]#vi /etc/profile 添加以下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
2.5. Configuring Kernel Parameters
使用文本编辑器将下面列出的行添加到 /etc/sysctl.conf。要使更改立即生效，请执行sysctl –p。
[root@ora11g ~]#vi /etc/sysctl.conf 添加以下内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
2.6. 检查oracle用户的配置文件
[oracle@ora11g ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_SID=ora11gR2
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/app/oracle/product/11.2
export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oraInventory
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
umask 022
[oracle@ora11g ~]$
2.7. Identifying Required Software Directories
[root@ora11gR2 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
[root@ora11gR2 ~]# chmod -R 775 /oracle
[oracle@ora11g ~]$mkdir /oraInventory
[oracle@ora11g ~]$mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@ora11g ~]$ls -l /
[oracle@ora11g ~]$ls -l /oracle
3. 安装并配置Oracle 11gR2
3.1. 开始安装oracle 11gR2
[oracle@ora11g database]$./runInstaller
后面就是安装软件、DBCA建库等，截图较多，下载PDF版看吧，排版也会比这个好得多
PDF下载 http://www.itpub.net/viewthread.php?tid=1454946&page=1&extra=page%3D1
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