数据结构设计 数据字典_Go数据结构：字典

数据结构设计 数据字典

A dictionary stores [key, value] pairs. Go provides a very convenient implementation of a dictionary by its built-in map type.

字典存储[key, value]对。 Go通过其内置的map类型为字典提供了非常方便的实现。

In this article I’ll enrich the map built-in type with some convenient operations to get information out of it, and to change its content.

在本文中，我将通过一些方便的操作来丰富map内置类型，以从中获取信息并更改其内容。

I’ll create a ItemDictionary generic type, concurrency safe, that can generate dictionaries for any type. By running genny the code will create a type-specific Dictionary implementation, encapsulating the actual map containing the data.

我将创建一个并发安全的ItemDictionary泛型类型，该泛型可以为任何类型生成字典。 通过运行genny ，代码将创建特定于类型的Dictionary实现，封装包含数据的实际map 。

目标 (Goal)

The dictionary is created using dict := ValueDictionary{} and provides this set of exported methods:

该字典是使用dict := ValueDictionary{}创建的，并提供了以下导出方法集：

• Set()

  Set()

• Delete()

  Delete()

• Has()

  Has()

• Get()

  Get()

• Clear()

  Clear()

• Size()

  Size()

• Keys()

  Keys()

• Values()

  Values()

实作 (Implementation)

// Package dictionary creates a ValueDictionary data structure for the Item type
package dictionary

import (
    "sync"

    "github.com/cheekybits/genny/generic"
)

// Key the key of the dictionary
type Key generic.Type

// Value the content of the dictionary
type Value generic.Type

// ValueDictionary the set of Items
type ValueDictionary struct {
    items map[Key]Value
    lock  sync.RWMutex
}

// Set adds a new item to the dictionary
func (d *ValueDictionary) Set(k Key, v Value) {
    d.lock.Lock()
    defer d.lock.Unlock()
    if d.items == nil {
        d.items = make(map[Key]Value)
    }
    d.items[k] = v
}

// Delete removes a value from the dictionary, given its key
func (d *ValueDictionary) Delete(k Key) bool {
    d.lock.Lock()
    defer d.lock.Unlock()
    _, ok := d.items[k]
    if ok {
        delete(d.items, k)
    }
    return ok
}

// Has returns true if the key exists in the dictionary
func (d *ValueDictionary) Has(k Key) bool {
    d.lock.RLock()
    defer d.lock.RUnlock()
    _, ok := d.items[k]
    return ok
}

// Get returns the value associated with the key
func (d *ValueDictionary) Get(k Key) Value {
    d.lock.RLock()
    defer d.lock.RUnlock()
    return d.items[k]
}

// Clear removes all the items from the dictionary
func (d *ValueDictionary) Clear() {
    d.lock.Lock()
    defer d.lock.Unlock()
    d.items = make(map[Key]Value)
}

// Size returns the amount of elements in the dictionary
func (d *ValueDictionary) Size() int {
    d.lock.RLock()
    defer d.lock.RUnlock()
    return len(d.items)
}

// Keys returns a slice of all the keys present
func (d *ValueDictionary) Keys() []Key {
    d.lock.RLock()
    defer d.lock.RUnlock()
    keys := []Key{}
    for i := range d.items {
        keys = append(keys, i)
    }
    return keys
}

// Values returns a slice of all the values present
func (d *ValueDictionary) Values() []Value {
    d.lock.RLock()
    defer d.lock.RUnlock()
    values := []Value{}
    for i := range d.items {
        values = append(values, d.items[i])
    }
    return values
}

测验 (Tests)

The tests describe the usage of the above implementation. Notice that we never interact with the underlying map type, which might as well be implemented in another way if only Go didn’t provide us a map type already.

这些测试描述了上述实现的用法。 请注意，我们从不与基础map类型进行交互，如果仅Go尚未为我们提供map类型，则也可以通过其他方式实现。

package dictionary

import (
    "fmt"
    "testing"
)

func populateDictionary(count int, start int) *ValueDictionary {
    dict := ValueDictionary{}
    for i := start; i < (start + count); i++ {
        dict.Set(fmt.Sprintf("key%d", i), fmt.Sprintf("value%d", i))
    }
    return &dict
}

func TestSet(t *testing.T) {
    dict := populateDictionary(3, 0)
    if size := dict.Size(); size != 3 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 3 and got %d", size)
    }
    dict.Set("key1", "value1") //should not add a new one, just change the existing one
    if size := dict.Size(); size != 3 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 3 and got %d", size)
    }
    dict.Set("key4", "value4") //should add it
    if size := dict.Size(); size != 4 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 4 and got %d", size)
    }
}

func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
    dict := populateDictionary(3, 0)
    dict.Delete("key2")
    if size := dict.Size(); size != 2 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 2 and got %d", size)
    }
}

func TestClear(t *testing.T) {
    dict := populateDictionary(3, 0)
    dict.Clear()
    if size := dict.Size(); size != 0 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 0 and got %d", size)
    }
}

func TestHas(t *testing.T) {
    dict := populateDictionary(3, 0)
    has := dict.Has("key2")
    if !has {
        t.Errorf("expected key2 to be there")
    }
    dict.Delete("key2")
    has = dict.Has("key2")
    if has {
        t.Errorf("expected key2 to be removed")
    }
    dict.Delete("key1")
    has = dict.Has("key1")
    if has {
        t.Errorf("expected key1 to be removed")
    }
}

func TestKeys(t *testing.T) {
    dict := populateDictionary(3, 0)
    items := dict.Keys()
    if len(items) != 3 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 3 and got %d", len(items))
    }
    dict = populateDictionary(520, 0)
    items = dict.Keys()
    if len(items) != 520 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 520 and got %d", len(items))
    }
}

func TestValues(t *testing.T) {
    dict := populateDictionary(3, 0)
    items := dict.Values()
    if len(items) != 3 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 3 and got %d", len(items))
    }
    dict = populateDictionary(520, 0)
    items = dict.Values()
    if len(items) != 520 {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected 520 and got %d", len(items))
    }
}

func TestSize(t *testing.T) {
    dict := populateDictionary(3, 0)
    items := dict.Values()
    if len(items) != dict.Size() {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected %d and got %d", dict.Size(), len(items))
    }
    dict = populateDictionary(0, 0)
    items = dict.Values()
    if len(items) != dict.Size() {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected %d and got %d", dict.Size(), len(items))
    }
    dict = populateDictionary(10000, 0)
    items = dict.Values()
    if len(items) != dict.Size() {
        t.Errorf("wrong count, expected %d and got %d", dict.Size(), len(items))
    }
}

创建具体的字典数据结构 (Creating a concrete dictionary data structure)

You can use this generic implemenation to generate type-specific dictionaries, using

您可以使用以下通用实现来生成特定于类型的字典，方法是：

//generate a `IntDictionary` dictionary of `string` keys associated to `int` values
genny -in dictionary.go -out dictionary-string-int.go gen "Key=string Value=int"

//generate a `StringDictionary` dictionary of `string` keys associated to `string` values
genny -in dictionary.go -out dictionary-string-string.go gen "Key=string Value=string"

翻译自: https://flaviocopes.com/golang-data-structure-dictionary/

数据结构设计 数据字典