JavaScript字符串匹配方法快速指南

String.prototype.match() (aka: the match method on strings) can allow you to switch out strings or set conditions if a string or any data is matched. It then stores that data in a new array.

String.prototype.match() (又名：字符串的match方法)可以让您在匹配字符串或任何数据时切换出字符串或设置条件。 然后，它将数据存储在新数组中。

First the syntax and then the explanation:

首先是语法，然后是解释：

let newArray = string.match(condition);

术语 (Terminology)

The string match() method will return an array with the items being matches from a provided regular expression found in the string. You can read more about regular expressions in JavaScript here.

字符串match()方法将返回一个数组，其中的项与字符串中提供的regular expression的项匹配。 您可以在此处阅读有关JavaScript中正则表达式的更多信息 。

Remember, when all conditions are matched, those results will be stored in a new array.

请记住，当所有条件都匹配时，这些结果将存储在新数组中 。

Take the following example:

请看以下示例：

const intro = "Hello Alligators, Hello Devs, how are you?"

const regex = /Hello/g;

const greeting = intro.match(regex);

The above will give us an array like this: ["Hello", "Hello"]. This works fine if we know the exact string we’re looking to match, but what about dynamic content or an actual use case?

上面的代码将给我们这样的数组： ["Hello", "Hello"] 。 如果我们知道要查找的确切字符串，则此方法很好，但是动态内容或实际用例呢？

Here’s a simple example that finds repeated letters in a string:

这是一个简单的示例，可在字符串中查找重复的字母：

const str = 'See you later, Alligator! Not so soon baboon!';
const matches = str.match(/([a-z])\1+/gi);

console.log('H' + matches.join(""));
// "Heelloooo"

Though these are simple examples, the deeper you learn about regular expressions, the more powerful this string method becomes. The simple use of i for insensitive case allows the match method to highlight more entries.

尽管这些都是简单的示例，但是您对正则表达式的了解越深，这种字符串方法就越强大。 不区分大小写的i的简单用法允许match方法突出显示更多条目。

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The match method has 3 modes…

匹配方法有3种模式…

• 1st: If the g(global) flag is used for your RegEx, you’ll get all results stored in an array.

  1st ：如果将g (全局)标志用于RegEx，则将所有结果存储在数组中。

• 2nd: If there are no g flag used, the first match will return an array with keys/values sharing index of the first matched expression, the full input and then the capturing groups. In other words, the same result as with using RegExp.exec().

  2nd ：如果没有使用g标志，则第一个匹配项将返回一个数组，该数组包含第一个匹配表达式的键/值共享索引，完整输入以及捕获组。 换句话说，与使用RegExp.exec()结果相同。

let newYear = "Happy New Year";
let results = newYear.match(/new/i);
// [ 'New', index: 6, input: 'Happy New Year', groups: undefined ]

• 3rd: If there’s no match, the method returns null, or, with the following code, an empty array:

  3rd ：如果不匹配，则该方法返回null ，或者使用以下代码返回一个空数组：

let results = newYear.match(regex) || [];

结论 (Conclusion)

Match is a fun little method that can be used in a lot of creative ways like pulling out keywords from a paragraph or replacing words if the condition matches the regex. Take the time to learn about Regular Expressions in JavaScript. It’ll make match even more useful for you.

匹配是一种有趣的小方法，可用于许多创造性方式，例如从段落中提取关键字或在条件与正则表达式匹配时替换单词。 花时间学习JavaScript中的正则表达式 。 它会使匹配对您更有用。

翻译自: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/js-string-match