如何在Node.js中使用__dirname

The double underscores in __dirname looks intimidating but it’s not! It’s a useful variable that’s been around since the beginnging of the NodeJS project. Why’s it such a core feature of Node.js? __dirname tells you the absolute path of the directory containing the currently executing file.

__dirname的双下划线看起来令人生畏，但事实并非如此！ 自从NodeJS项目开始以来，这是一个有用的变量。 为什么它具有Node.js的核心功能？ __dirname告诉您包含当前执行文件的目录的绝对路径 。

Here’s a simple example:

这是一个简单的例子：

gator-app
  ├──index.js
  ├──public
  ├──src
  │  ├──helpers.js
  │  └──api
  │      └──crocodile.js
  ├──cronjobs
  │  ├──swamp-pix
  │  └──get-latest-gators.js
  └──package.json

crocodile.js

crocodile.js

console.log(__dirname)      // "/Users/Sam/gator-app/src/api"
console.log(process.cwd())  // "/Users/Sam/gator-app"

get-latest-gators.js

get-latest-gators.js

console.log(__dirname)     // "/Users/Sam/gator-app/cronjobs"
console.log(process.cwd()) // "/Users/Sam/gator-app"

If you noticed, __dirname has a different value depending on which file you invoked it in, whereas process.cwd() (another popular Node.js utility) is different. It always returns the same value: the absolute path of where you started the Node.js process (eg., $ node index.js).

如果您注意到了， __dirname根据在哪个文件中调用它而具有不同的值，而process.cwd() (另一个流行的Node.js实用程序)则不同。 它始终返回相同的值： 在其中启动Node.js进程的绝对路径(例如$ node index.js ) 。

我什么时候应该使用它？ (When Should I Use It?)

__dirname is useful when you want to know the immediate containing folder. You may want to get this path for several reasons:

当您想知道直接包含的文件夹时， __dirname很有用。 您可能出于以下几个原因而希望获得此路径：

制作新目录 (Making new directories)

get-latest-gators.js

get-latest-gators.js

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const dirPath = path.join(__dirname, '/swamp-pix');

fs.mkdirSync(dirPath); // sibling directory was created named "swamp-pix"

指向目录 (Pointing to directories)

index.js

index.js

express.static(path.join(__dirname, '/public'));

将文件添加到目录 (Adding files to a directory)

get-latest-gators.js

get-latest-gators.js

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const filePath = path.join(__dirname, '/swamp-pix/bayou.jpeg');

fs.openSync(filePath, 'a'); // creates file if it doesn't exist

Once you get familiar with Node.js, interacting with your filesystem is easy when you use __dirname.

一旦熟悉Node.js，使用__dirname轻松与文件系统进行交互。

Plus, __dirname is a global object that’s available to use in all your Node.js modules, without having to import anything. That’s because Node modules get wrapped when executed and given access to a series of global objects.

另外， __dirname是一个全局对象，可以在所有Node.js模块中使用，而无需导入任何内容。 这是因为Node模块在执行并获得对一系列全局对象的访问权时会被包装 。

翻译自: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/nodejs-how-to-use__dirname