继承中的钻石问题

Diamond problem occurs when we use multiple inheritance in programming languages like C++ or Java.

当我们在诸如C ++或Java的编程语言中使用多重继承时，就会出现钻石问题。

Let’s understand this with one example.

让我们用一个例子来理解这一点。

继承中的钻石问题 (Diamond Problem in Inheritance)

class A {
	void display()
	{
		//some code
	}
}
 
class B : public A{
	void display()
	{
		//some code
	}
}
 
class C : public A{
	void display()
	{
		//some code
	}
}
 
class D : public B, public C{
	//contains two display() functions
}

Suppose there are four classes A, B, C and D. Class B and C inherit class A. Now class B and C contains one copy of all the functions and data members of class A.

假设有四个类A，B，C和D。类B和C继承了类A。现在，类B和C包含类A的所有函数和数据成员的一个副本。

Class D is derived from Class B and C. Now class D contains two copies of all the functions and data members of class A. One copy comes from class B and another copy comes from class C.

D类是从B和C派生的。现在D类包含A类所有函数和数据成员的两个副本。一个副本来自B类，另一个副本来自C类。

Let’s say class A have a function with name display(). So class D have two display() functions as I have explained above. If we call display() function using class D object then ambiguity occurs because compiler gets confused that whether it should call display() that came from class B or from class C. If you will compile above program then it will show error.

假设类A有一个名为display()的函数。 因此，类D具有两个我上面已经解释过的display()函数。 如果我们使用类D对象调用display()函数，则会产生歧义，因为编译器会混淆应调用来自类B还是来自类C的display()。如果您要编译上述程序，则会显示错误。

This kind of problem is called diamond problem as a diamond structure is formed (see the image).

这种问题被称为钻石问题，因为形成了钻石结构(见图)。

如何清除C ++中的Diamond问题？ (How to Remove Diamond Problem in C++?)

We can remove diamond problem by using virtual keyword. It can be done in following way.

我们可以使用虚拟关键字消除钻石问题。 可以通过以下方式完成。

class A {
	void display()
	{
		//some code
	}
}
 
class B : virtual public A{
	void display()
	{
		//some code
	}
}
 
class C : virtual public A{
	void display()
	{
		//some code
	}
}
 
class D : public B, public C{
	//contains one display() functions
}

You can see we have marked class B and C as virtual. Now compiler takes care that only one copy of data members and functions of class A comes to class D.

您可以看到我们已将B类和C类标记为虚拟。 现在，编译器要注意的是，类D的数据成员和函数只有一个副本。

如何清除Java中的钻石问题？ (How to Remove Diamond Problem in Java?)

To remove this problem java does not support multiple inheritance. Although we can achieve multiple inheritance using interfaces.

为了消除此问题， java不支持多重继承 。 尽管我们可以使用接口实现多重继承。

Comment below if you found anything missing or incorrect in above diamond problem tutorial.

如果您在上述钻石问题教程中发现任何缺失或不正确的地方，请在下面评论。

翻译自: https://www.thecrazyprogrammer.com/2016/10/diamond-problem-inheritance.html