电影摄影入门

Film photography is making a comeback—Kodak has just relaunched Ektachrome, a film they discontinued five years ago—and for a good reason: when everything is digital, going analog is fun. It can also make you a much better photographer by forcing you to slow down and think. Here’s how to get started.

电影摄影正在卷土重来- 柯达刚刚推出了5年前就停产的Ektachrome电影，这有一个很好的理由：当一切都数字化时，模拟就很有趣。 通过强迫您放慢思考的速度，它也可以使您成为更好的摄影师 。 这是入门方法。

一些关键术语 (A Few Key Terms)

The high-quality digital camera market is more homogenous than the film camera market was. You really only have three major digital players—Canon, Nikon, and Sony—with two camera designs—DSLR and mirrorless—and two sensor sizes—crop sensor and full frame.

高质量数码相机市场比胶片相机市场更加同质。 您实际上只有三个主要的数码播放器-佳能，尼康和索尼-两种相机设计- 单反和无反光镜 ，以及两种传感器尺寸- 裁剪传感器和全画幅 。

The old film market, by contrast, was like the Wild West. There were dozens of serious camera manufacturers—including Leica, Pentax, Olympus, Minolta and many more—with different camera designs—including SLRs, rangefinders, medium format cameras, large format cameras, and instant cameras—that could all use hundreds of different film stocks from yet more manufacturers—like Kodak,Ilford, and Agfa. The combinations were practically endless. With that in mind, lets hammer out some key terms.

相比之下，旧电影市场就像狂野西部。 有数十家严肃的相机制造商(包括Leica，Pentax，Olympus，Minolta等)，其相机设计不同，包括SLR， 测距仪 ， 中画幅相机 ，大幅面相机和即时相机，都可以使用数百种不同的胶卷。来自更多制造商(例如柯达，艾尔福德和爱克发)的库存。 组合实际上是无止境的。 考虑到这一点，让我们敲定一些关键术语。

• An SLR is a single lens reflex camera. They’re the precursors of the modern DSLR.

  SLR是单镜头反光照相机。 它们是现代数码单反相机的前身。

• A rangefinder is a mirrorless camera that was popular with street photographers.

  测距仪是一种无反光镜相机，在街头摄影师中很受欢迎。

• Medium format and large format cameras shoot film stock that’s larger than 35mm. They’re more expensive so probably not the best camera to go with if you’re just starting out.

  中画幅和大幅面相机所拍摄的胶卷大于35mm。 它们更昂贵，因此如果您刚入门，可能不是最好的相机。

• Instant cameras are basically old school Polaroids. The film doesn’t need to be professionally developed.

  即时相机基本上是老式的宝丽来相机。 这部电影不需要专业制作。

• 35mm film stock is the most common film size. It normally comes in rolls of 36 exposures and works with any 35mm camera.

  35mm胶片是最常见的胶卷尺寸。 通常以36张胶卷曝光，可与任何35mm相机配合使用。

获得第一台胶卷相机 (Getting Your First Film Camera)

If someone in your family has an old film camera and a lens or two lying about, dig it out, and you’re sorted—at least to start with. If you’re not that lucky, then let’s look a little deeper into buying your first film camera.

如果您家中的某人有一台旧的胶卷相机和一个或两个镜头在附近闲逛，请将其挖掘出来，然后进行分类(至少要从头开始)。 如果您不那么幸运，那么让我们更深入地了解您购买的第一台胶卷相机。

Film cameras vary in price pretty dramatically. A rare, desirable medium format camera in good condition could sell for thousands of dollars. On the other hand, you can pick up a solid 35mm SLR for less than $50. To start with, you should aim for the lower end.

胶卷相机的价格差异很大。 状况良好的稀有，理想的中画幅相机可以卖到数千美元。 另一方面，您可以以不到$ 50的价格买到坚固的35mm单反相机。 首先，您应该瞄准低端。

If you shoot Canon or Nikon, then I’ve got some good news: get the right film camera and you’ll be able to use most of your existing lenses. Canon’s EF mount is from the late-80s and Nikons F-Mount is from the late-50s. For Canon shooters, I’d recommend the Canon EOS 620; I got one in great condition for $40 on eBay. For Nikon fans, check out the F2 or F3. They go for around $100. There are lots of these cameras still out there.

如果您拍摄佳能或尼康，那我就会知道一些好消息：购买合适的胶片相机， 您将可以使用大多数现有的镜头 。 佳能的EF卡口来自80年代后期，尼康的F卡口来自50年代后期。 对于佳能射手，我建议佳能EOS 620。 我在eBay上花了40美元买了一辆状态良好的车。 对于尼康爱好者，请查看F2或F3。 他们去约100美元。 这些相机还有很多。

If no one you know has an old film camera and you don’t use Canon or Nikon lenses, then your options are limitless. You need to decide how much you want to invest in a system and also how many “modern” features like autofocus you want. If there’s a secondhand camera shop nearby, I’d recommend you go and talk to someone in there. You’ll be able to handle a few of the cameras and see what you like. Otherwise, set your budget and have a look on eBay. You really only need a single lens to get started since—especially if they’re in good condition—lenses tend to hold their value better.

如果您认识的人没有旧的胶卷相机，并且不使用佳能或尼康镜头，那么您的选择是无限的。 您需要确定要在系统上投资多少，还需要确定多少“现代”功能(例如自动对焦)。 如果附近有二手相机商店，建议您去那里找人聊天。 您将能够处理几个摄像头，然后看自己喜欢的东西。 否则，请设置预算并查看eBay。 您真的只需要一个镜头就可以开始使用，因为-尤其是如果它们处于状况良好- 镜头往往会更好地保持其价值。

选择电影 (Selecting Films)

One of the joys of film photography is that different film stocks give your images a totally different feel. A snapshot film like Agfa Vista Plus gives a totally different look to a portrait film like Kodak Portra or a black and white film like Illford HP5.

电影摄影的乐趣之一是，不同的胶卷给您的图像带来完全不同的感觉。 像Agfa Vista Plus这样的快照胶片给肖像胶片(如柯达波特拉)或黑白胶片(如Illford HP5)带来了完全不同的外观。

Here’s some shots with Portra.

这是Portra的一些镜头。

And here’s one with HP5.

这就是HP5。

These are just straight out of the camera film photos.

这些只是相机胶卷中的照片。

Film is also what controls the ISO, rather than your camera. You can get different films in different ISO. Most films are between about ISO 100 and ISO 800 but you can find some that are higher.

胶片也是控制ISO的因素 ，而不是您的相机。 您可以使用不同的ISO获得不同的电影。 大多数胶片的感光度介于ISO 100和ISO 800之间，但您可以找到一些更高的胶片。

White balance, similarly, doesn’t exist with film photography. Different films give different colours. Most are designed to be shot in daylight or overcast days. Any marketing description of a specific film will tell you what it’s white balanced for.

类似地，胶片摄影也不存在白平衡 。 不同的电影会赋予不同的颜色。 大多数镜头设计为在白天或阴天拍摄。 特定电影的任何营销描述都会告诉您白平衡的目的。

You can buy film stock as individual rolls or at a small discount in boxes of three rolls. I recommend grabbing single rolls of every film stock you can get your hands on and trying them out. The whole point of shooting film is that it’s fun to play around. If you find a particular one you like, you can stock up on it.

您可以单卷购买胶片胶片，也可以三盒一盒的价格少量购买。 我建议您抓住每卷胶卷，然后尝试一下。 拍摄电影的重点在于，玩耍很有趣。 如果您找到喜欢的特定物品，则可以库存。

外出射击 (Going Out and Shooting)

Once you’ve got your camera loaded with film, it’s time to go out shooting. The ISO is set by the film so that will limit the range of lighting conditions in which you can shoot. If you’ve got a roll of Kodak Portra 400, you’re not going to be able to shoot in super low light.

一旦您的相机装有胶卷，就该出去摄影了。 ISO由胶卷设置，因此将限制可以拍摄的照明条件范围。 如果您有一卷柯达Portra 400，将无法在超低照度下拍摄。

While your camera probably has an automatic mode, I recommend taking some sort of manual control. Aperture priority mode, as always, is the best compromise. You set the aperture, the film sets the ISO, and the camera sets the shutter speed. You just need to make sure your aperture is wide enough to give you a fast enough shutter speed.

虽然您的相机可能具有自动模式，但我建议采取某种手动控制。 一如既往，光圈优先模式是最好的折衷方案 。 您设置光圈，胶片设置ISO，相机设置快门速度。 您只需要确保光圈足够宽即可给您足够快的快门速度即可 。

Note, while the film sets the ISO, your camera might require you to manually enter the film’s ISO value. Newer film cameras detect it automatically but older ones don’t. To find out how to do this, as well as how to change camera mode and dial in settings, check out your camera’s manual online.

请注意，当胶卷设置ISO时，您的相机可能会要求您手动输入胶卷的ISO值。 较新的胶卷相机会自动检测到它，而较旧的则不会。 要了解如何进行操作以及如何更改相机模式和拨入设置，请在线查阅相机手册。

Shooting with film for the first time is an experience. I still look down at the back of my camera expecting to see a preview of the image I just took. You also only get 36 shots before changing film. That’s not a lot if you’re used to just blasting away on burst mode.

第一次拍摄电影是一种体验。 我仍然低头看着相机的背面，希望能看到我刚拍摄的图像的预览。 换胶卷之前，您也只能拍摄36张照片。 如果您习惯于仅在连拍模式下爆破，那不是很多。

The biggest problem you’ll encounter is missing focus. A lot. If your camera is manual focus, then at wider apertures, you’re probably going to be wildly off the mark. I know I am.

您将遇到的最大问题是缺少焦点。 很多。 如果您的相机是手动对焦的，那么在更大的光圈下，您可能会大失所望。 我知道我是。

Even autofocus systems have nowhere near the accuracy that you’re probably used to with your digital camera. Expect to get lots of bad shots until you get a feel for your film camera. But hey, that’s half the fun.

即使是自动对焦系统，其精度也无法与数码相机相提并论。 期望得到很多不好的镜头，直到您对胶片相机有所了解为止。 嘿，那只是一半的乐趣。

制作电影 (Getting the Film Developed)

When you’ve shot your first roll of film, it’s time to get it developed and printed. Most camera shops will do it although there are also online services. Expect to pay between $10 and $20 depending on where you go, how many prints you want, how quickly you want it done, and whether you want the negatives scanned as well.

当您拍摄完第一卷胶卷后，就该进行冲洗和印刷了。 尽管也有在线服务 ，但大多数照相馆都会这样做。 根据您的去向，所需的打印数量，完成的速度以及是否还需要扫描底片，预计支付的费用在10到20美元之间。

Oh, that’s right. While film is an analog technology, you can get the negatives scanned into digital images so you can edit them, post them on Facebook, and otherwise do what you like.

哦是的 尽管胶卷是一种模拟技术，但是您可以将底片扫描成数字图像，以便对其进行编辑，将其发布到Facebook上，或者进行其他操作。

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Shooting film is addictive. I’m friends with a couple of models and one fun thing we do is shoot a roll of film then drop it in for one-hour development while we get a drink. I also like to shoot a single roll of film over a weekend trip. Try it out and, trust me, it will improve your eye for digital photos.

拍摄电影会上瘾。 我是几个模特的朋友，我们做的一件有趣的事是拍摄一卷胶卷，然后在喝一杯的同时放一个小时的显影。 我还喜欢在周末旅行中拍一卷胶卷。 试试看，相信我，它将改善您对数码照片的了解。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/396789/how-to-get-started-with-film-photography/