A common setting on many digital cameras, RAW is a filetype option many professional photographers prefer over JPG, despite a huge disparity in filesize. Find out why, what RAW is, and how you can benefit using this professional quality filetype.
RAW是许多数码相机的常用设置，尽管文件大小存在巨大差异，但RAW是许多专业摄影师更喜欢JPG的文件类型选项。 找出原因，什么是RAW，以及如何使用这种专业品质的文件类型受益。
什么是Camera RAW？ (What is Camera RAW?)
RAW is an answer to the limitations of the JPG file format, the original filetype developed specifically for digital photography by the Joint Photographic Experts Group. When shooting in JPG, a combination of you and your camera make decisions about the kind of information captured and stored as a digital file. When shooting in JPG, these decisions are processed and rendered, and then defined in the limited number of colors of an RGB color space. What does this mean? While it may seem like it means that it is simply an uncompressed file format, you would be wrong. Well, you’d be right and wrong, as RAW is not compressed the way JPG is, but it is far more than a file free of JPG artifacts.
RAW是对JPG文件格式的局限性的回答，而JPG文件格式是由联合图像专家组专门为数字摄影开发的原始文件类型。 使用JPG拍摄时，您和您的相机共同决定捕获和存储为数字文件的信息类型。 使用JPG拍摄时，将处理并渲染这些决策，然后在RGB色彩空间的有限数量的颜色中进行定义。 这是什么意思？ 尽管看起来似乎意味着它只是一种未压缩的文件格式 ，但您会错了。 好吧，这是对与错，因为RAW不会像JPG那样被压缩，但是它远远超过了没有JPG伪像的文件 。
24 Bit RGB, the most common format for digital JPG photography, is more limited than the full spectrum of colors your eye can see. Any color space (aka color gamut) will be. Depending on the camera, RAW files literally capture a larger range of color, and provide minimal in-camera processing, allowing for photographers to later condense image information as they see fit later, rather than the camera sees fit in the moment of shooting. Confused? Keep reading, as it can be hard to explain the reasoning behind RAW in a single section.
24位RGB是数字JPG摄影的最常见格式，其作用范围比您的眼睛可以看到的所有光谱范围都更大。 任何颜色空间(又称色域)都可以。 取决于相机，RAW文件实际上会捕获更大范围的色彩，并提供最少的相机内处理，从而允许摄影师以后在以后认为合适的情况下压缩图像信息，而不是在拍摄时认为摄像机合适。 困惑？ 继续阅读，因为可能很难在一个部分中解释RAW背后的原因。
原始作为数字负片 (Raw as a Digital Negative)
RAW is a minimally processed format. “Minimal Processing” means less decisions made on the fly and less information thrown away when an image is taken. This gives photographers the level of control similar to working with film negatives, except with greater and more dynamic control, as RAW is digital. When images are shot onto light sensitive film, no matter what processing is done, light has struck that light sensitive film, and a clever photographer could under or overdevelop film, or dodge and burn prints in order to bring out the value range and colors of the light that literally hit the film.
RAW是最少处理的格式。 “最小处理量”意味着在拍摄图像时即时做出的决策更少，而丢弃的信息也更少。 这为摄影师提供了与胶片底片相似的控制水平，不同之处在于，由于RAW是数字化的，因此具有越来越大的动态控制。 当将图像拍摄到感光胶片上时，无论进行什么处理，光线都会撞击到该感光胶片上，因此聪明的摄影师可能会在胶片下面或过度显影，或者闪避并燃烧打印件，以显示出该胶片的价值范围和色彩。从字面上看电影的光。
RAW is based on a similar idea. JPG is sort of like the final product; a print already made from a negative—a static final product. RAW is more of a simple record of light traveling through the lens, the way a negative is a record of the light that hit it as the aperture opened. While it is rendered in pixels, those pixels have much more “behind the scenes” information than you might think looking at that RAW image in your digital SLR display.
RAW基于类似的想法。 JPG有点像最终产品； 已由负片(静态最终产品)制成的印刷品。 RAW更像是光通过镜头的简单记录，负像是光圈打开时入射到镜头的光的记录。 尽管以像素渲染，但这些像素比您在数字SLR显示器中查看该RAW图像时所拥有的“幕后”信息更多。
数千种不兼容的文件格式 (Thousands of Incompatible File Formats)
As there is no single digital camera, there is no single Camera RAW. Each camera has its own method for capturing Camera RAW, and so create their own proprietary filetypes. This makes processing them (or even opening them) notoriously difficult, particularly without newer versions of high-end digital photo software like Photoshop. Even older versions of Photoshop may have trouble opening some exotic varieties of Camera RAW; possibly even new versions of Photoshop, as well. There are plug-ins and software updates to counter this problem, but popular name-brand cameras (for instance, Nikon or Canon SLRs, pictured above) will have well established RAW formats that programs like Preview or iPhoto (Mac) or Picasa for Windows will be able to open and view. However, simply viewing RAW files is of no benefit—you’ll need to process them to understand what is truly great about them.
因为没有单个数码相机，所以也没有单个Camera RAW。 每个相机都有自己的捕捉RAW相机的方法，因此可以创建自己的专有文件类型。 这使得处理它们(甚至打开它们)非常困难，尤其是在没有像Photoshop这样的较新版本的高端数码照片软件的情况下。 即使是较旧的Photoshop版本，也可能无法打开Camera RAW的某些奇特变种。 甚至可能还有新版本的Photoshop。 有一些插件和软件更新可以解决此问题，但是流行的名牌相机(例如，如上图所示的尼康或佳能单反相机)将具有完善的RAW格式，该格式可用于Windows的 Preview或iPhoto(Mac)或Picasa将能够打开并查看。 但是，仅查看RAW文件没有任何好处-您需要对其进行处理以了解它们的真正优点。
Remember that Photoshop isn’t the only game in town for opening and processing Camera RAW—Adobe Lightroom also has good support for processing and similar tools for adjusting White Balance and “developing” your digital negatives. It is also a considerably cheaper retailing product, and can be a nice midway step for the photo enthusiast that isn’t ready to make the commitment of a full license for Photoshop.
请记住，Photoshop并不是打开和处理Camera RAW的唯一游戏-Adobe Lightroom还为处理和类似工具提供了很好的支持，这些工具可用于调整白平衡和“开发”数码负片。 它也是一种相当便宜的零售产品，对于尚未准备好获得Photoshop完整许可证的摄影爱好者来说，这可能是一个不错的中间步骤。
什么是白平衡？ (What is White Balance?)
Your eyes are exceptionally good at adapting to changes in light, much more so than cameras, which are generally calibrated to photograph in well-lit conditions of pure white light, like that from the sun. Besides being able to see in relatively low levels of light, one of the things most of us tend to miss is the color of the light cast by color sources.
您的眼睛特别擅长于适应光线的变化，远不止于照相机，后者通常经过校准，可以在光线充足的纯白光条件下(例如太阳)拍摄。 除了能够在相对较低的光线下看到之外，我们大多数人往往会错过的一件事是色源投射的光的颜色。
When photographers used to have to use film, they would have to meticulously plan out what color light they would be shooting in and buy and use film of a specific temperature in order to ensure that their photographs did not end up with a color cast over them undetectable by the human eye.
当摄影师不得不使用胶卷时，他们必须精心计划要拍摄的彩色光，并购买和使用特定温度的胶卷，以确保他们的照片最终不会出现偏色。人眼无法察觉。
Fortunately, not only do modern SLRs have the ability to switch effortlessly from one white balance setting to another, most of them will select a white balance setting for you without you even being aware of it. But RAW files do not have the option of picking specific white balance settings. Why? Because it captures image information in all white balance settings. Shooting images in Camera RAW will allow a photographer to adjust image temperature and white balance over and over again without damaging the image information in the file.
幸运的是，现代单反相机不仅可以毫不费力地从一种白平衡设置切换到另一种，而且大多数人甚至都不会为您选择白平衡设置。 但是RAW文件无法选择特定的白平衡设置。 为什么？ 因为它可以捕获所有白平衡设置中的图像信息。 在Camera RAW中拍摄图像将使摄影师能够一次又一次地调整图像温度和白平衡，而不会损坏文件中的图像信息。
Control over white balance is a huge coup for photographers, and being able to adjust and counter for the nearly invisible effects of light can help even amateur photographers get very quality shots.
控制白平衡对于摄影师来说是一个巨大的妙招，并且能够调节和抵消几乎看不见的光线影响甚至可以帮助业余摄影师获得高质量的照片。
在更大的色彩空间中进行处理和“开发” (Processing and “Developing” in a Bigger Color Space)
Another advantage of RAW are the increased color space. Standard RGB files are 24 bit, with 8 bits (or 256 colors) per channel. RAW files are 12 bits for each color channel, creating a 36 bit RGB file. This allows you to process your file’s rich content and create final images that have excellent value ranges after being processed. Take a look at the photo above being processed in the Photoshop Camera RAW program and keep reading to understand more.
RAW的另一个优点是增加了色彩空间。 标准RGB文件为24位，每个通道具有8位(或256色)。 RAW文件的每个颜色通道为12位，从而创建了36位RGB文件。 这使您可以处理文件的丰富内容，并创建经过处理后具有极佳价值范围的最终图像。 看看上面在Photoshop Camera RAW程序中正在处理的照片，并继续阅读以了解更多信息。
With some fairly simple editing, picking the proper white balance, and basic adjustments, our Camera RAW image shows texture in the whites and grays of the snow, as well as a range of colors and various texture in the grays of the mailbox. Since this is working from the larger color space, RAW files have an excess of information and throw away what they don’t need based on the decisions you make. You can think of it as redrawing your image based on the decisions you make, using the original snapshot as a starting point.
通过一些相当简单的编辑，选择适当的白平衡和基本调整，我们的Camera RAW图像可以显示雪白色和灰色的纹理，以及邮箱灰色中的各种颜色和各种纹理。 由于这是在较大的色彩空间中进行的，因此RAW文件包含的信息过多，并会根据您做出的决定丢弃不需要的信息。 您可以将其视为以原始快照为起点根据自己的决定重画图像。
Photoshop tools like Levels can provide some of this functionality, but are a poor in comparison. Working with a 24 bit JPG and Levels simply squeezes or compresses based on what little information is already available.
诸如“色阶”之类的Photoshop工具可以提供某些此功能，但相比之下却差强人意。 使用24位JPG和色阶仅基于很少可用的信息即可对其进行压缩或压缩。
Exaggerating the Levels of a JPG image can give you the impression of increased detail in some areas, although it throws away color information you may not intend to lose. Notice how the grime and stains on the mailbox lose detail when the detail in the snow is brought out. It is true that a photographer may want this gritty, dark look—but throwing away detail can often be very problematic.
夸大JPG图像的色阶可以给您留下某些区域细节增加的印象，尽管它会丢弃您可能不想丢失的色彩信息。 请注意，当雪中的细节被带出时，邮箱上的污垢和污渍是如何失去细节的。 的确，摄影师可能想要这种坚韧不拔的深色外观，但是丢掉细节通常会很成问题。
This image, processed from RAW, has subtle detail in the white of the snow, a good range of value from light to dark, and loses a minimum of detail in the dark areas. While it is possible to achieve good results working exclusively with JPG, it is far easier to keep detail in an image that moves from a larger color space to a smaller one.
该图像是用RAW处理的，在雪白中具有细微的细节，从亮到暗都有很大的价值范围，而在黑暗区域则损失了最少的细节。 尽管仅使用JPG可能会获得良好的效果，但是要保持从较大的色彩空间到较小的色彩空间的图像中的细节要容易得多。
RAW is, in a nutshell, the “Live” art file of the photography world, similar to how a vector art file or layered image file will give you the maximum ability to do additional edits. Remember, any changes you make to a 24 bit image in Photoshop are merely condensing or squeezing the information—RAW will always start with too much and throw away what you don’t need. Even if you don’t really care to be a professional photographer, there’s no reason RAW can’t work for you.
简而言之，RAW是摄影界的“实时”艺术文件，类似于矢量艺术文件或分层图像文件将为您提供最大能力进行其他编辑的方式。 请记住，您在Photoshop中对24位图像进行的任何更改都只是压缩或压缩信息-RAW总是从太多开始，而丢弃您不需要的内容。 即使您并不真正想成为一名专业摄影师，也没有理由RAW无法为您服务。
Image Credit: Steak by DSCF-Photographer, available under Creative Commons. Negative by ollycoffey, available under Creative Commons. All other images either by the author Eric Z Goodnight or Brad Goodnight, protected under Creative Commons.
图片提供： DSCF-Photographer 提供的 牛排 ，可在“ 创用CC”下找到 。 由 ollycoffey制作的负片 ，可在 创用CC下使用 。 作者Eric Z Goodnight或Brad Goodnight的所有其他图像均受 Creative Commons 保护 。
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