office数据集dslr_如何检查DSLR的快门计数（以及为什么要关心）

office数据集dslr

You wouldn’t buy a used car without checking how many miles were on it, and you shouldn’t buy a used DSLR without knowing how many clicks are on the shutter. Read on as we explain why the shutter count of a DSLR camera matters and how to check it.

如果您不检查二手车的行驶距离，就不会买二手车，也不知道百叶窗上有多少声点击，就不应该买二手DSLR。 继续阅读，我们会解释为什么单反相机的快门计数很重要以及如何检查。

Note: The techniques outlined in this article can be used to check the shutter count on mirrorless cameras, like the compact Nikon 1, as well as DSLR cameras.

注意：本文概述的技术可用于检查无反光镜相机(如紧凑型尼康1)和DSLR相机的快门计数。

为什么快门计数很重要 (Why the Shutter Count Matters)

DSLR cameras, like the SLR cameras they replaced, have very few moving parts. The two largest (and most important) moving parts are the main reflex mirror (the mirror that allows you to look through the lens from the viewfinder and that swings up and out of the way when you take the photo) and the shutter. Between the two of these devices the mechanical shutter is radically more delicate and prone to failure over the life of the camera.

DSLR相机，就像它们取代的SLR相机一样，几乎没有运动部件。 最大的两个(也是最重要的)运动部件是主反射镜(该反射镜可让您从取景器中透视镜头，并在拍摄照片时向上或向后摆动)。 在这两个设备之间，机械快门从根本上讲更加精致，并且在相机的整个使用寿命中都容易出现故障。

In the video below you can see how the mirror swings up out of the way, and the shutter opens and closes to allow light to land on the digital sensor. Watching the shutter slam open and closed in slow motion really emphasizes how much abuse such a tiny and delicate part really endures.

在下面的视频中，您可以看到反光镜如何向上摆动，快门打开和关闭以使光线降落在数字传感器上。 观看百叶窗猛击以慢动作打开和关闭确实强调了这种微小而微妙的部分确实可以承受多少滥用。

Practically speaking, if your camera survives the first few months without failing the electronics are solid and they will more or less last indefinitely. The shutter, however, is like the engine of a car and eventually it will reach the end of its lifecycle and fail to actuate properly. At this point the camera is rendered non-operational and you’ll either be paying for an expensive repair (easily $400-500) or if you’re a very brave do-it-yourselfer you can typically find replacement shutters on eBay for around $100 (but you’ll be responsible for taking apart your sophisticated and tiny-part-packed camera and conducting the repair yourself).

实际上，如果您的相机能够在最初几个月中幸免于难，那么电子设备将是可靠的，并且它们或多或少会无限期地持续使用。 但是，百叶窗就像汽车的引擎一样，最终将达到其生命周期的尽头，无法正确启动。 此时，相机将无法使用，您将需要支付昂贵的维修费用(轻松支付400-500美元)，或者如果您是一个非常勇敢的动手做人，您通常可以在eBay上找到约400澳元的更换快门$ 100美元(但您将负责拆解精致小巧的相机，并自行进行维修)。

In light of how catastrophic and expensive a shutter failure is it’s worth both checking the shutter count both on cameras you own (to get a rough estimate of how much life is left in the camera) and on used cameras you’re considering purchasing (after all a premium camera at rock bottom prices isn’t such a deal if it’s 20,000 shutter cycles past the average failure point).

考虑到快门故障的严重性和昂贵性，值得一看的是，既要检查自己拥有的相机的快门数量(以粗略估计相机剩余的寿命)，又要考虑购买二手相机(之后如果价格超过平均故障点20,000个快门周期，那么所有以最低价格出售的优质相机都无法解决。

Let’s look at how you check the shutter count and what to do with the data you find.

让我们看看如何检查快门计数以及如何处理找到的数据。

如何检查快门计数 (How to Check the Shutter Count)

There are several ways to check the shutter count of a camera and all of them rely on either having access to the camera, access to an image created by the camera, or both. Fortunately many manufacturers embed the number of shutter cycles/actuations in the EXIF data of the pictures produced with that camera so you can examine a recent photo taken with a given camera and see how many clicks are on the shutter.

有几种方法可以检查相机的快门计数，并且所有方法都依赖于可以访问相机，访问由相机创建的图像或两者。 幸运的是，许多制造商在用该相机拍摄的照片的EXIF数据中嵌入了快门周期/启动次数，因此您可以检查使用给定相机拍摄的最新照片，并查看快门上有多少次咔嗒声。

通过CameraShutterCount.com检查 (Checking with CameraShutterCount.com)

It’s because of the aforementioned EXIF data that the handy CameraShutterCount.com website works across so many camera models. You can upload a picture to the site, the site will read the EXIF data, and fire back not just with the shutter count but the life cycle of the camera (based on the manufacturer’s estimated shutter life for your camera model).

由于上述EXIF数据，方便的CameraShutterCount.com网站可在许多型号的相机上使用。 您可以将图片上载到站点，站点将读取EXIF数据，并不仅以快门计数，而且以相机的生命周期(基于制造商对您的相机型号的快门寿命估算)回击。

You can check the bottom of the main page to see if your camera manufacturer/model is listed as a confirmed working model. Even if you don’t see your camera listed it doesn’t hurt to upload a picture and try it it out.

您可以检查主页的底部，以查看您的相机制造商/型号是否被列为已确认的工作型号。 即使您没有看到相机列出的清单，上传图片并尝试也不会受到伤害。

手动检查EXIF数据 (Manually Check the EXIF Data)

While the CameraShutterCount website is convenient you may be unable to use it (because your manufacturer is unsupported) or you may not wish to use it (because you don’t want to share any image data with a third party).

虽然CameraShutterCount网站很方便，但您可能无法使用它(因为制造商不受支持)，或者您可能不想使用它(因为您不想与第三方共享任何图像数据)。

In such cases you can manually search the EXIF data of a sample image using a wide variety of EXIF-related tools.  Use the following table to find the EXIF shutter count value name for your manufacturer; if your manufacturer isn’t listed that doesn’t mean there isn’t EXIF data but that it isn’t commonly used or widely publicized:

在这种情况下，您可以使用各种与EXIF相关的工具来手动搜索样本图像的EXIF数据。 使用下表查找制造商的EXIF快门计数值名称； 如果未列出您的制造商，这并不意味着就没有EXIF数据，但是它并不常用或广为宣传：

Manufacturer	Search String
Canon	“Shutter Count” or “Image Count”
Nikon	“Shutter Count” or “Image Number”
Pentax	“Shutter Count” or “Image Number”
Sony	“Shutter Count” or “Image Count”

制造商	搜索字符串
佳能	“快门计数”或“图像计数”
尼康	“快门计数”或“图像编号”
宾得	“快门计数”或“图像编号”
了索尼	“快门计数”或“图像计数”

If you already have a tool on your computer that allows you to examine EXIF data (like the popular InfranView freeware image viewer) you can open up an image and examine the data looking for the search string outlined above.

如果您的计算机上已经有一个工具可以检查EXIF数据(例如流行的InfranView免费软件图像查看器)，则可以打开图像并检查数据以查找上面概述的搜索字符串。

Alternatively, you can grab a copy of the cross-platform command line tool ExifTool and use it to search through the EXIF data. We prefer this method as it allows for quick string-based searching without reading over lengthy EXIF data lists (and if you’ve never looked over EXIF data before, trust us, there’s typically over a hundred entries per image file).

或者，您可以获取跨平台命令行工具ExifTool的副本，并使用它来搜索EXIF数据。 我们更喜欢这种方法，因为它可以快速进行基于字符串的搜索，而无需阅读冗长的EXIF数据列表(如果您以前从未看过EXIF数据，请相信我们，每个图像文件通常有一百多个条目)。

To use the ExifTool simply string together the Exiftool command pointed at the image file you want to analyze followed by the find command to search through the output and find the string you want. So for example, if you’re running the tool in Windows on an image named DSC_1000.jpg and you want to search for the EXIF data string “Shutter Count” you should use the following command:

要使用ExifTool，只需将指向您要分析的图像文件的Exiftool命令与之后的find命令一起串起来，以搜索输出并找到所需的字符串。 因此，例如，如果您正在Windows上名为DSC_1000.jpg的图像上运行该工具，并且想要搜索EXIF数据字符串“ Shutter Count”，则应使用以下命令：

exiftool DSC_1000.jpg | /find /I "Shutter Count"

Here’s what that command output looks like in real world use when the command is run on the same image we used at CameraShutterCount.com.

当命令在CameraShutterCount.com上使用的同一图像上运行时，该命令输出在现实世界中的使用情况如下。

The benefit of using ExifTool is that even if you aren’t sure what the EXIF data string is for the shutter count on your particular camera brand/model (or if it exists at all) you can try various queries to narrow it down. If known values like “Shutter Count”, “Image Count”, or “Image Number” yield zero results you can always search for individual terms like “Count” or “Shutter” and work your way through the list.

使用ExifTool的好处是，即使您不确定特定相机品牌/型号(或根本不存在)上快门数量的EXIF数据字符串是什么，也可以尝试各种查询来缩小范围。 如果诸如“快门计数”，“图像计数”或“图像编号”之类的已知值产生零结果，则您始终可以搜索诸如“计数”或“快门”之类的单个术语，并逐步浏览列表。

Let’s say, for example, we didn’t know what string Nikon used for their cameras. We could use the above command and search for the string “shutter” or “count” to get all EXIF data values with those words in them like so:

比方说，例如，我们不知道尼康在其相机上使用了什么字符串。 我们可以使用上面的命令并搜索字符串“ shutter”或“ count”来获得所有带有这些单词的EXIF数据值，如下所示：

The results are a little more cluttered than searching for the precise term, but if you don’t know what the precise term is it at least offers you a much shorter list (than the full EXIF data output) to comb through.

结果要比搜索精确术语更为混乱，但是，如果您不知道精确术语是什么，那么它至少为您提供了一个短得多的列表(比完整的EXIF数据输出)要梳理。

读取快门计数结果 (Reading Your Shutter Count Results)

Knowing the shutter count is like knowing how many miles are on a car and you should act on that knowledge accordingly. If you’re shopping for a used DSLR and the sample image you request from the seller reveals the camera has a scant 500 shutter cycles on it you know you’re getting a barely used camera. If it has 500,000 shutter cycles, on the other hand, you’re getting a camera with some serious miles on it.

知道百叶窗数就像知道汽车有多少英里，而您应该据此采取行动。 如果您购买的是二手数码单反相机，而卖家要求的样品图像表明该相机的快门周期不足500，则说明您购买的是几乎未使用的相机。 另一方面，如果它具有500,000个快门周期，那么您所得到的相机就已经有严重的里程了。

How serious those miles are depends heavily on both the manufacturer’s shutter lifecycle estimates and reported averages by consumer and professional photographers. You can generally hit up Google and search for your brand, model, and “shutter life cycle” or similar search terms to turn up official documentation.

这些里程的严重程度在很大程度上取决于制造商的快门生命周期估计以及消费者和专业摄影师报告的平均值。 通常，您可以访问Google并搜索您的品牌，型号和“快门生命周期”或类似的搜索字词，以获取官方文档。

It’s safe to assume that any DSLR shutter is good for at least 50,000 cycles or so. Beyond that most professional level cameras (like the Canon 5D Mark) are rated for 100,000 or more shutter cycles.

可以肯定地说，任何数码单反相机快门都可以运行至少50,000个周期左右。 除此之外，大多数专业级相机(如佳能5D Mark)的额定快门周期为100,000个或更长时间。

That said many cameras well outlive their rated shutter life by tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of cycles. The Camera Shutter Life Expectancy Database is a crowd-sourced database of camera shutter actuations and when the camera died (or if it is still alive). While the database carries the risk of inaccurate results (as any crowd-sourced project does) for the most part the data is pretty useful in terms of getting a general sense of how long your camera will keep on snapping away.

那就是说，许多相机的额定快门寿命比数十个(即使不是数百个)成千上万的循环寿命更长。 相机快门预期寿命数据库是一个基于人群的相机快门动作以及相机何时死亡(或是否还活着)的数据库。 虽然数据库在大多数情况下都存在结果不准确的风险(就像任何众包项目一样)，但是对于大致了解相机将持续拍摄多长时间而言，数据还是非常有用的。

If you look up the stats on the Canon EOS 5D Mark II, for example, the camera might be rated for 100,000 shutter actuations but the real world data gathered in the database indicates that the camera typically makes it to around 232,000 actuations and in the sample size out of 133 cameras in the 250,000-500,000 range 90% of them were still going with well worn, but functioning, shutters.

例如，如果您在佳能EOS 5D Mark II上查看统计数据，则该相机可能被评为100,000次快门动作，但数据库中收集的实际数据表明该相机通常可达到约232,000次动作在250,000-500,000范围内的133台摄像机中，有90％仍在使用磨损良好但功能正常的快门。

In short, if you’re worried about a climbing shutter count on a camera you already own we’d advise you to not stress about it and just save a little extra money back here or there in a rainy-day fund for the replacement camera you’ll inevitably need. If you’re buying a used camera, however, and the seller insists that it’s practically brand new when it’s rocking a shutter count of 100,000+ then you definitely want to either pass on it altogether or demand a very steep discount.

简而言之，如果您担心已经拥有的相机的快门数量会攀升，我们建议您不要担心，只需在这里或那里存一些额外的钱，以备更换相机之用您将不可避免地需要。 但是，如果您购买的是二手相机，而卖家坚持认为当快门数量达到100,000+时，它实际上是全新的，那么您肯定希望完全通过它或要求大幅折扣。

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Have a pressing question about digital photography? Shoot us a message at ask@howtogeek.com and we’ll do our best to answer it.

对数码摄影有一个紧迫的问题吗？ 在ask@howtogeek.com上向我们发送消息，我们将尽力回答。

Image credits: Leticia Chamorro.

图片来源： Leticia Chamorro 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/218244/how-to-check-a-dslrs-shutter-count-and-why-you-should-care/

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