自动控制的故事 下载_关于控制的故事

自动控制的故事 下载

There once was a time when we were in control of our identity. When we met someone we were in control of who we were to them. We could present ourselves as whatever version of ourself we chose: the intellectual, the party animal, the sports fan. We could withhold information, and the balance of probabilities was that the information we withheld would be left undiscovered.

曾经有一段时间我们控制自己的身份。 当我们遇到某人时，我们可以控制我们对他们的身份。 我们可以将自己呈现为我们选择的任何形式的自己：知识分子，聚会动物，体育迷。 我们可以保留信息，而概率的平衡就是保留的信息将不会被发现。

This control of identity is something many generations have taken for granted. How could it be any other way?

这种对身份的控制是几代人都认为理所当然的事情。 怎么可能是其他方式呢？

The internet has changed this. No longer are our identities under our complete control.

互联网已经改变了这一点。 我们的身份不再受我们的完全控制。

Analytically I’ve known this for a long time. I’ve understood that the internet is forever; that no matter what Twitter or Facebook tell you about privacy settings and access control that basically you should assume whatever you put on the internet is genuinely public. I have known these facts, and I had believed I had internalised them.

从分析上讲，我已经知道了很长时间。 我了解互联网永远存在； 无论Twitter或Facebook告诉您什么有关隐私设置和访问控制的信息，基本上您都应该假设在互联网上发布的任何内容都是真实公开的。 我知道这些事实，并且我相信我已经将它们内在化了。

I had not. In particular, what I’d not grasped is that this permanence represents a real risk to anyone who is on the weak side of a power disparity. If you’re in a minority or disadvantaged group (women, people of colour, the mentally ill), or even if you’re simply engaged in an interaction between people who aren’t equals, the data permanence of the internet becomes a weapon that can be used to threaten, intimidate and harm.

我没有。 尤其是，我不会理解的是，这种持久性对处于权力悬殊的弱势一方的任何人都构成了真正的风险。 如果您属于少数群体或弱势群体（妇女，有色人种，精神病患者），或者即使您只是在不平等的人之间进行互动，互联网的数据持久性也将成为一种武器可以用来威胁，恐吓和伤害。

Like anyone in a privileged group (in my case white, male and middle-class), the lesson only truly set in when I accidentally found myself digging in to it. Allow me to walk you through my discovery process.

就像特权群体中的任何一个人（在我的例子中是白人，男性和中产阶级）一样，只有在我偶然发现自己沉迷于该课程时，才真正开始该课程。 请允许我向您介绍我的发现过程。

Yesterday, I was walking around Boston, being a typical tourist. I met many people: some kind, some not kind, many chatty. I had short discussions with a good 30 or 40 strangers at some point during the day.

昨天，我在波士顿旅行，是一个典型的游客。 我遇到了很多人：有些友善，有些不是友善，很多人健谈。 白天，我与30或40个陌生人进行了简短的讨论。

Like any friendly discussion, a few basic bits of information featured in most of these conversations. These are things like names (usually just first names), jobs, which city people live in. Prior to the internet this information was harmless. Knowing that my name is Cory, that I live in London, and work in software, is generally useless to you without the internet. To take advantage of that knowledge to learn more about me without the internet requires huge resources and investment of time and effort that puts it beyond most casual explorers.

像任何友好的讨论一样，这些对话中的大多数都包含一些基本信息。 这些都是名字（通常只是名字），工作，城市居民所居住的东西。在互联网之前，这些信息是无害的。 知道我的名字叫科里（Cory），我住在伦敦，并且从事软件工作，如果没有互联网，对您来说通常是没有用的。 要在没有互联网的情况下利用这些知识来了解有关我的更多信息，这需要大量资源和时间和精力的投入，这使它超出了大多数休闲探险者的视野。

One person I met, in an effort to be friendly, struck up a bit of conversation. They had an unusual name, and happened to mention that they had another relative with the same name who attended a specific university. This is trivial information. Nothing of note here.

为了友善，我遇到一个人，开始了一段对话。 他们有一个不寻常的名字，并且碰巧提到他们有另一个同名的亲戚，就读某所大学。 这是微不足道的信息。 这里没什么可注意的。

Except, as I discovered, it’s trivial to turn that information into something far more substantial. In a fit of boredom I opened Google and within 5 minutes I’d added the following bits of information that I had not been told:

除了我发现的以外，将这些信息转换为更重要的内容是微不足道的。 出于无聊，我打开了Google，并在5分钟内添加了以下一些我没有被告知的信息：

• Last name
• Which university they attended
• What they studied
• Some academic works
• Family members’ names
• Partner’s name

• 姓
• 他们参加了哪所大学
• 他们研究了什么
• 一些学术著作
• 家人的名字
• 合伙人姓名

This was so easy that it didn’t even trip my ‘holy shit this is creepy filter’. Not until I discovered an article mentioning that one of their family members had been charged with a crime did I realise how totally terrifying what I’d just done was.

这是如此简单，以至于我的“该死的令人毛骨悚然的过滤器”都没有被绊倒。 直到我发现一篇文章提到他们的一个家庭成员被指控犯有罪行后，我才意识到我刚才所做的事情多么可怕。

Let’s be clear: that activity I just engaged in is both unethical and creepy. I believe that people should have the right to present information in a controlled way to people they don’t know. This is because information is powerful.

让我们清楚一点：我刚刚从事的活动既不道德又令人毛骨悚然。 我认为人们应该有权以可控的方式向他们不认识的人提供信息。 这是因为信息功能强大。

Consider the scenario where, rather than being myself, I were a rapist and the person I just researched was a woman I’d identified as a ‘target’. In a social interaction they have inevitably already forgotten, in which they disclosed nothing of note or problem, I was able to obtain all that information.

考虑这样一个场景：我不是强奸犯，而是我是强奸犯，而我刚刚研究的那个人是我确定为“目标”的女人。 在社交互动中，他们不可避免地已经忘记了，他们没有透露任何注意事项或问题，我能够获得所有这些信息。

This is terrifying. I have no doubt that if I were to spend two hours and real effort on this task I could determine a home address for this person. I could track down friends, I could build up incriminating information. I could put myself into a situation where I can abuse the already existing power disparity, which my ‘research’ has magnified.

这太可怕了。 我毫不怀疑，如果我要花两个小时并为该任务付出真正的努力，我可以确定此人的家庭住址。 我可以追踪朋友，建立重要信息。 我可能陷入一种状况，即我可以滥用已经存在的权力差距，这种差距已经被我的“研究”放大了。

For those of us fortunate enough to be in a position of privilege, the openness of the internet does not represent a particular threat. This is what leads people like Chad Whitacre to propose policies of radical transparency, where organisations like Gittip will run their businesses entirely in the open. I have met and respect Chad, and I don’t believe he ever intends to put anyone at risk. But, as has been mentioned by better people than I, it’s possible that Chad’s relative privilege makes him less-able to empathise with those who are at risk: mine certainly does.

对于我们这些幸运地处于特权地位的人来说，互联网的开放并不代表特定的威胁。 这就是导致乍得·惠特克雷（Chad Whitacre）这样的人提出根本性透明度政策的原因，像Gittip这样的组织将完全公开经营他们的业务。 我见过并尊重乍得，而且我不相信他曾经打算让任何人冒险。 但是，正如比我更好的人所提到的，乍得的相对特权可能使他对同处处于危险之中的人的同情能力降低了：我的确如此。

For those without the privilege (or even simply with less privilege), however, the internet represents a threat. It represents a tool that can be used to quickly obtain information you never intended for another party to possess. That information can then be used as a weapon, just as easily as it can be used for benevolent purposes.

但是，对于那些没有特权（甚至根本没有特权）的人来说，互联网构成了威胁。 它代表一种工具，可用于快速获取您从未打算让另一方拥有的信息。 然后，这些信息就可以用作武器，就像它可以用于慈善目的一样容易。

We can try to mitigate this by talking about privacy policies, and access control, and not putting online information you wouldn’t be happy with everyone having access to. But that’s not enough.

我们可以尝试通过谈论隐私策略和访问控制来缓解这种情况，而不要发布在线信息，您对每个有权访问的用户都不满意。 但这还不够。

We need a new generation of social internet services. One that reflects our mental model of social interaction: where what someone finds out about me is controlled entirely by me; where people I have not explicitly offered information to cannot see anything about me (or even that I exist); and where the social graph represents the asymmetry of human relationships.

我们需要新一代的社交互联网服务。 一种反映了我们社交互动的思维模式：有人发现我的情况完全由我控制； 我没有明确提供信息的人看不到我的任何东西（甚至我的存在）； 以及社交图谱代表人类关系的不对称性。

I didn’t really understand the need for those services before. I do now. It’s time we started to make that happen. I don’t have concrete plans for this yet, but I’m going to start thinking about it from now on.

我以前真的不了解这些服务的需求。 我现在做的。 是时候我们开始实现这一目标了。 我尚无具体计划，但从现在开始我将开始考虑它。

翻译自: https://www.pybloggers.com/2014/07/a-story-about-control/

自动控制的故事 下载