python软件使用_8家使用Python的世界一流软件公司

python软件使用

There are over 500 current programming languages, with more being written every day. Admittedly, the majority of these overlap and a large number were never meant to be used outside of a theoretical or lab setting. But for the programming languages that are used in everyday coding and businesses, you have to make a choice. What languages should you learn, and why should you invest your time in learning them?

当前有超过500种编程语言，每天都有更多的语言在编写。 诚然，这些重叠中的大多数和大量绝不打算在理论或实验室环境之外使用。 但是对于日常编码和业务中使用的编程语言，您必须做出选择。 您应该学习哪种语言，为什么还要花时间学习它们呢？

As this is a site devoted to Python, we’ve already told you why Python is a great language to learn. And you probably know about how Python is probably the most preferred language for the Raspberry Pi (as most come preloaded with it). And knowing that, you know what amazing things you can do with a Pi kit and just a little ingenuity. While it’s easy to see how you can tinker with Python, you might be wondering how this translates to actual business and real world applications.

由于这是一个专门介绍Python的网站，我们已经告诉您了Python为什么是一门很棒的语言。 您可能已经知道Python可能是Raspberry Pi首选的语言（因为大多数语言都预装了它）。 知道了这一点，您知道使用Pi工具包可以做些什么奇妙的事情。 虽然很容易看到如何修改Python，但您可能想知道这如何转换为实际的业务和实际应用程序。

What we’re going to do now is tell you about eight top-tier companies that you know that use Python. That way you can see what great real world opportunities there are for Python developers out there.

我们现在要做的是告诉您大约八家使用Python的顶级公司。 这样，您就可以了解Python开发人员在现实世界中有哪些巨大的机会。

1.工业光魔 (1. Industrial Light and Magic)

Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) is the special effects powerhouse that was founded in 1975 by George Lucas to create the FX for Star Wars. Since then, they’ve become synonymous with FX, winning multiple awards for their work in movies and commercials.

工业光魔（ILM）是由乔治·卢卡斯（George Lucas）于1975年创立的特殊效果强国，旨在为《星球大战》制作FX。 从那时起，他们已成为FX的代名词，因其在电影和广告中的工作而获得了多个奖项。

In their early days, ILM focused on practical effects, but soon realized that computer generated effects were the future of FX in general. Their CGI department was founded in 1979 and their first effect was the explosion sequence of the Genesis Project in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.

在早期，ILM专注于实际效果，但很快意识到，计算机生成的效果通常是FX的未来。 他们的CGI部门成立于1979年，其第一个影响力是《星际迷航II：汗的愤怒》中创世纪计划的爆炸序列。

Originally, ILM’s CGI studio ran off of a Unix shell, but this was only handling a relatively low amount of work. Because the studio foresaw the future of CGI, they started looking for a system that could handle the aggressive upscaling that they saw in the future.

最初，ILM的CGI工作室使用的是Unix shell，但这仅能处理相对较少的工作。 因为工作室预见了CGI的未来，所以他们开始寻找一种可以处理他们将来看到的大规模升级的系统。

ILM chose Python 1.4 over Perl and Tcl, opting to use Python because it was a much faster to integrate into their existing infrastructure. Because of Python’s easy interoperability with C and C++, it was simple for ILM to import Python into their proprietary lighting software. This let them put Python in more places, using it for wrapping software components and extend their standard graphics applications.

ILM选择使用Python 1.4而不是Perl和Tcl，选择使用Python，因为它可以更快地集成到其现有基础架构中。 由于Python与C和C ++的轻松互操作性， ILM可以很容易地将Python导入其专有的照明软件中。 这使他们可以将Python放在更多的地方，用它包装软件组件并扩展其标准图形应用程序。

The studio has used Python in multiple other facets of their work. Developers use Python to track and audit pipeline functionality, maintaining a database of every image produced for each film. As more and more of ILM’s programs were controlled by Python, it created a simpler unified toolset that allowed for a more effective production pipeline. For a real world example, look no farther than OpenEXR, an HD file format used by ILM. As part of the package, PyIlmBase is included (although it does have a Boost dependency).

该工作室在其工作的其他多个方面都使用了Python。 开发人员使用Python跟踪和审核流水线功能，维护为每部电影制作的每张图像的数据库。 随着越来越多的ILM程序受Python控制，它创建了一个更简单的统一工具集，从而可以更有效地进行生产。 举一个真实的例子，ILM使用HD文件格式OpenEXR 。 作为该软件包的一部分，包含了PyIlmBase （尽管它确实具有Boost依赖项）。

Despite numerous reviews, ILM continues to find Python to be the best solution for its needs. The combination of an open source code combined with the ability to back-port changes ensures that Python will continue to meet ILM’s needs for a long time.

尽管进行了许多评论，但ILM仍然发现Python是满足其需求的最佳解决方案。 开源代码与反向移植更改的能力的结合确保了Python将长期满足ILM的需求。

2. Google (2. Google)

Google has been a supporter of Python from nearly the very beginning. In the beginning, the founders of Google made the decision of “Python where we can, C++ where we must.” This meant that C++ was used where memory control was imperative and low latency was desired. In the other facets, Python enabled for ease of maintenance and relatively fast delivery.

Google从一开始就一直是Python的支持者。 最初，Google的创始人做出了“在可行的地方使用Python，在必须的位置使用C ++” 的决定 。 这意味着在必须进行内存控制且需要低延迟的地方使用了C ++。 在其他方面，启用了Python可简化维护并加快交付速度。

Even when other scripts were written for Google in Perl or Bash, these were often recoded into Python. The reason was because of the ease of deployment and how simple Python is to maintain. In fact, according to Steven Levy – author of “In the Plex,” Google’s very first web-crawling spider was first written in Java 1.0 and was so difficult that they rewrote it into Python.

即使使用Perl或Bash为Google编写了其他脚本，这些脚本也经常被重新编码为Python。 原因是因为易于部署以及维护Python多么简单。 实际上，根据“ In Plex”的作者Steven Levy所说，Google的第一个网络爬行蜘蛛最初是用Java 1.0编写的，因此很难将其重写为Python。

Python is now one of three official Google Languages – C++ and Java are the other two – that are allowed to be deployed to production. And in case you aren’t really sure about how important Python is to Google, Python’s very own BDFL, van Rossum, worked at Google from 2005 to 2012.

Python现在是三种正式的Google语言之一-C ++和Java是另外两种-可以部署到生产环境中。 如果您不太确定Python对Google的重要性，那么Python自己的BDFL范·罗瑟姆（van Rossum）从2005年到2012年在Google工作。

To top it all off, Peter Norvig said:

最重要的是， 彼得·诺维格说：

“Python has been an important part of Google since the beginning, and remains so as the system grows and evolves. Today dozens of Google engineers use Python, and we’re looking for more people with skills in this language.”

“ Python从一开始就一直是Google的重要组成部分，并且随着系统的发展和发展而一直存在。 如今，数十名Google工程师正在使用Python，我们正在寻找更多使用这种语言的人。”

3. Facebook (3. Facebook)

Facebook production engineers are exceptionally keen on Python, making it the third most popular language at the social media giant (just behind C++ and their proprietary PHP dialect, Hack). On average, there are over 5,000 commits to utilities and services at Facebook, managing infrastructure, binary distribution, hardware imaging, and operational automation.

Facebook生产工程师非常热衷于Python，使其成为社交媒体巨头中第三流行的语言（仅次于C ++及其专有PHP方言Hack）。 平均而言，Facebook上有超过5,000项对实用程序和服务的承诺，用于管理基础架构，二进制分发，硬件映像和操作自动化。

The ease of using Python libraries means that the production engineers don’t have to write or maintain as much code, allowing them to focus on getting improvements live. It also ensures that the infrastructure of Facebook is able to scale efficiently.

易于使用的Python库意味着生产工程师不必编写或维护太多的代码，而使他们可以专注于实时进行改进。 它还确保了Facebook的基础架构能够有效扩展。

According to a 2016 post by Facebook, Python is currently responsible for multiple services in infrastructure management. These include using TORconfig to handle network switch setup and imaging, FBOSS for whitebox switch CLIs, and using Dapper for scheduling and execution of maintenance work.

根据Facebook在2016年发布的一篇文章 ，Python当前负责基础架构管理中的多种服务。 其中包括使用TORconfig处理网络交换机的设置和映像，使用FBOSS处理白盒交换机的CLI，以及使用Dapper安排和执行维护工作。

Facebook has published numerous open-source Python projects written for Py3 including a Facebook Ads API and a Python Async IRCbot framework. Facebook is currently in the process of upgrading their infrastructure and handlers to 3.4 from 2, and AsyncIO is helping their engineers in the process.

Facebook已发布了许多为Py3编写的开源Python项目，包括Facebook Ads API和Python Async IRCbot框架 。 Facebook当前正在将其基础结构和处理程序从2升级到3.4，AsyncIO正在帮助其工程师。

4. Spotify (4. Spotify)

This music streaming giant is a huge proponent of Python, using the language primarily for data analysis and back end services. On the back end, there are a large number of services that all communicate over 0MQ, or ZeroMQ, an open source networking library and framework that is written in Python and C++(among other languages).

这家音乐流媒体巨头是Python的巨大拥护者 ，该语言主要用于数据分析和后端服务。 在后端，有大量服务都通过0MQ或ZeroMQ进行通信， ZeroMQ是用Python和C ++（以及其他语言）编写的开源网络库和框架。

The reason that the services are written in Python is because Spotify likes how fast the development pipeline is when writing and coding in Python. The most recent updates to Spotify’s architecture have all been using gevent, which provides a fast event loop with a high-level synchronous API.

用Python编写服务的原因是因为Spotify喜欢用Python编写和编码时开发管道的速度。 Spotify架构的最新更新都使用了gevent ，它提供了带有高级同步API的快速事件循环。

To provide suggestions and recommendations for users, Spotify relies on a large volume of analytics. To interpret these, Spotify makes use of Luigi, a Python module that synchs with Hadoop. This open source module handles how the libraries work together, and consolidates error logs quickly to allow troubleshooting and redeployment.

为了向用户提供建议和建议，Spotify依赖大量分析。 为了解释这些，Spotify利用了Luigi （一个与Hadoop同步的Python模块）。 这个开源模块处理库如何协同工作，并快速合并错误日志以允许进行故障排除和重新部署。

In total, Spotify uses over 6000 individual Python processes that work together over the nodes of the Hadoop cluster.

总共，Spotify使用了6000多个单独的Python进程，这些进程在Hadoop集群的节点上协同工作。

5. Quora (5. Quora)

This huge crowd-sourced question and answer platform thought long and hard about what language they wanted to use to implement their idea. Charlie Cheever, one of the founders of Quora, had their choice narrowed down to Python, C#, Java, and Scala. Their biggest problem with proceeding with Python was the lack of typechecking and its relative slowness.

这个庞大的众包问答平台对他们想用什么语言来实现他们的想法进行了长时间的思考。 Quora的创始人之一Charlie Cheever的选择范围仅限于Python，C＃，Java和Scala。 他们使用Python的最大问题是缺乏类型检查及其相对缓慢。

According to Adam D’Angelo, they decided not to go with C# because it’s a proprietary Microsoft language and they didn’t want to be beholden to any future changes put out. Additionally, any open source code had second-class support at best.

根据Adam D'Angelo的说法， 他们决定不使用C＃，因为它是一种专有的Microsoft语言，并且他们不希望看到将来提出的任何更改。 此外，任何开源代码最多都具有二等支持。

Java was more painful to write in than Python and it didn’t play as nicely with non-Java programs as Python did. At the time, Java was also in its infancy, so they were worried about future support and if the language would continue to grow.

与Python相比，Java编写起来更痛苦，并且在非Java程序中的效果不如Python。 当时，Java还处于起步阶段，因此他们担心将来的支持以及该语言是否会继续增长。

Instead, the founders of Quora took their lead from Google, choosing to use Python where they could because of its ease of writing and readability, and implemented C++ for the performance critical sections. They got around Python’s lack of typechecking by writing unit tests that accomplish much the same thing.

取而代之的是，Quora的创始人从Google那里带头开始，由于其易于编写和易读性而选择在可能的地方使用Python，并为性能关键的部分实现了C ++。 他们通过编写可以完成相同任务的单元测试来解决Python缺乏类型检查的问题。

Another key consideration for using Python was the existence of several good frameworks at the time including Django and Pylons. Additionally, because they knew that Quora was going to involve server/client interactions that wouldn’t necessarily be full page loads, having Python and JS play so well together was a huge plus.

使用Python的另一个关键考虑因素是当时存在多个良好的框架，包括Django和Pylons。 另外，由于他们知道Quora将涉及服务器/客户端交互，而不一定是整个页面加载，因此让Python和JS一起玩得很好是一个巨大的优势。

6. Netflix (6. Netflix)

Netflix uses Python in a very similar manner to Spotify, relying on the language to power its data analysis on the server side. It doesn’t just stop there, however. Netflix allows their software engineers to choose what language to code in, and have noticed a large upsurge in the number of Python applications.

Netflix以与Spotify非常相似的方式使用Python，依靠该语言在服务器端支持其数据分析 。 但是，它不仅止于此。 Netflix允许其软件工程师选择使用哪种语言编写代码，并且注意到Python应用程序的数量激增。

When surveyed, Netflix engineers cite the standard library, the extremely active development community, and the rich variety of third party libraries available to solve nearly any given problem. Additionally, because Python is so easy to develop, it has become a lynchpin in many of Netflix’s other services.

接受调查时，Netflix的工程师引用了标准库，极为活跃的开发社区以及可用于解决几乎任何给定问题的各种第三方库。 此外，由于Python非常易于开发，因此它已成为Netflix其他许多服务的关键。

One of the primary places that Python is used is in the Central Alert Gateway. This RESTful web app processes alerts from anywhere, and then route them to people or groups that would need to see them. Additionally, the app has the power to suppress duplicate alerts that have already been handled and in some cases, perform automated solutions such as rebooting a process or terminating something that is starting to look shaky. This app is a huge win for Netflix considering the sheer volume of alerts. Handling them intelligently means that developers and engineers aren’t flooded with redundant calls.

使用Python的主要地方之一是中央警报网关。 这个RESTful Web应用程序可从任何地方处理警报，然后将其路由到需要查看警报的人员或组。 此外，该应用程序还具有抑制已处理的重复警报的功能，并且在某些情况下，可以执行自动化的解决方案，例如重新启动进程或终止看起来有些不稳定的事情。 考虑到警报的数量庞大，该应用程序对于Netflix是一个巨大的胜利。 智能地处理它们意味着开发人员和工程师不会被多余的呼叫所淹没。

Another area that Python is used at Netflix is with monkey apps used to track security changes and history. These monkeys are used to track and alert any changes in EC2 security related policies in any groups, tracking any changes in these environments. They are also used to ensure to track the dozens of SSL certificates attached to Netflix’s multiple domains. In tracking, Netflix has seen a reduction in unexpected expirations drop from one very quarter to none since 2012.

Netflix使用Python的另一个领域是用于跟踪安全性更改和历史记录的猴子应用程序。 这些猴子用于跟踪和警告任何组中与EC2安全相关的策略的任何更改，从而跟踪这些环境中的任何更改。 它们还用于确保跟踪附加到Netflix多个域的数十个SSL证书。 在跟踪方面，自2012年以来，Netflix的意外过期次数从四分之一下降到了零。

7.保管箱 (7. Dropbox)

This cloud based storage system uses Python in its desktop client. If you have any doubt at all about how invested Dropbox is in Python, consider that in 2012, they managed to convince Guido van Rossum, Python’s creator and benevolent dictator for life, away from Google and into the Dropbox fold.

这种基于云的存储系统在其桌面客户端中使用Python。 如果您对Dropbox在Python上的投入有任何疑问，可以考虑一下2012年，他们设法说服了Python的创造者和人生的独裁者Guido van Rossum，离开了Google进入了Dropbox的行列。

Rossum joined Dropbox under the condition that he would be an engineer, not a lead or even a manager. In his first year, he was able to help bring about the ability to share datastores with other users within the Dropbox community.

Rossum加入Dropbox的条件是他将是一名工程师 ，而不是主管甚至经理。 在第一年，他能够帮助实现与Dropbox社区内其他用户共享数据存储的功能。

While a great many of Dropbox’s libraries and internals are proprietary and not open source, the company has released a very efficient API coded in python that allows you to see how their engineers are thinking. You can also read between the lines when you read interviews with Dropbox engineers about how a huge percentage of their server side code is Python.

尽管Dropbox的许多库和内部组件都是专有的而不是开源的，但该公司已发布了一个高效的 Python编码API ，可让您了解其工程师的想法。 当您阅读有关Dropbox工程师的采访时，也可以在两行之间阅读， 其中涉及他们的服务器端代码中有很大一部分是Python。

It’s also interesting to note that while the client side programs are coded in Python, they make use of various libraries on both Mac and Windows machines to allow a unified experience. This is because Python doesn’t come preinstalled on Windows and depending on your Mac, your Python version will vary.

还要有趣的是，尽管客户端程序是用Python编码的，但它们却同时利用了Mac和Windows计算机上的各种库来提供统一的体验。 这是因为Windows尚未预装Python，并且取决于您的Mac，您的Python版本会有所不同。

8. Reddit (8. Reddit)

This website had 542 million visitors every month across 2017, making it the fourth most visited website in the United States and seventh most visited in the world. In 2015, there were 73.15 million submissions and 82.54 billion pageviews. And behind it all, forming the software backbone, was Python.

该网站在2017年期间每月有5.42亿访客，使其成为美国第四大访问量网站和世界第七大访问量网站 。 2015年，提交的档案数量为7315万，页面访问量为825.4亿。 一切背后，构成软件主干的是Python。

Reddit was originally coded in Lisp, but in December of 2005, six months after its launch, the site was recoded into Python. The primary reason for the change was that Python had a wider range of code libraries and was more developmentally flexible. The web framework that originally ran the site, web.py, is now an open-source project.

Reddit最初是用Lisp编码的，但是在2005年12月，即启动后六个月，该站点被重新编码为Python。 进行此更改的主要原因是Python具有更广泛的代码库，并且在开发方面更具灵活性。 最初运行站点web.py的Web框架现在是一个开源项目。

In a 2009 interview, Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian were asked during Pycon why Reddit is still using Python as its framework. According to Huffman, the first reason is the same as the reason for the change:

在2009年的一次采访中，史蒂夫·霍夫曼（Steve Huffman）和亚历克西斯·奥哈尼安（Alexis Ohanian）在Pycon上被问到为什么Reddit仍在使用Python作为其框架。 根据霍夫曼的说法 ，第一个原因与变更的原因相同：

“There’s a library for everything. We’ve been learning a lot of these technologies and a lot of these architectures as we go. And, so, when I don’t understand connection pools, I can just find a library until I understand it better myself and write our own. Don’t understand web frameworks, so we’ll use someone else’s until we make our own…Python has an awesome crutch like that.”

“这里有一个图书馆，应有尽有。 我们一直在学习许多这些技术和许多体系结构。 因此，当我不了解连接池时，我可以找到一个库，直到我自己对它有所了解并编写自己的库为止。 不了解Web框架，因此我们将使用别人的框架，直到我们自己制造……Python拥有这样的强大工具。”

The second reason for Reddit staying with Python is a common thread that runs through all of the companies who build with it. According to Huffman, it’s the readability of the code:

Reddit坚持使用Python的第二个原因是在使用它进行构建的所有公司中都有一个通用线程。 根据霍夫曼的说法，这是代码的可读性：

“When we hire new employees … I don’t think we’ve yet hired an employee who knew Python. I just say, ‘everything you write needs to be in Python.’ Just so I can read it. And it’s awesome because I can see from across the room, looking at their screen, whether their code is good or bad. Because good Python code has a very obvious structure.

“当我们雇用新员工时……我认为我们还没有雇用一位了解Python的员工。 我只是说，“您编写的所有内容都必须使用Python。” 只是为了我可以阅读。 太棒了，因为我可以从整个房间看到他们的屏幕，看看他们的代码是好是坏。 因为好的Python代码具有非常明显的结构。

And that makes my life so much easier. […] It’s extremely expressive, extremely readable, and extremely writable. And that just keeps life smooth”

这使我的生活变得更加轻松。 […]它极富表现力，可读性和可写性。 这样就可以使生活更加顺畅”

还有谁？ (Anyone Else?)

In this post we looked at eight world-class and successful software companies that use Python in production. But they’re not the only ones. As of 2018 Python adoption has reached a new peak and continues to climb.

在这篇文章中，我们研究了在生产中使用Python的八家世界一流的成功软件公司。 但是它们不是唯一的。 截至2018年，Python的采用率达到了一个新的高峰，并继续攀升。

Did we miss anyone one this list? Leave a comment below and let us know about your favorite Python shop!

我们错过了这个名单中的任何一个吗？ 在下面发表评论，让我们知道您最喜欢的Python商店！

翻译自: https://www.pybloggers.com/2018/02/8-world-class-software-companies-that-use-python/

python软件使用