python数据科学速查表_Python数据科学速查表：中级-CSDN博客

python数据科学速查表

The printable version of this cheat sheet

该备忘单的可打印版本

The tough thing about learning data is remembering all the syntax. While at Dataquest we advocate getting used to consulting the Python documentation, sometimes it’s nice to have a handy reference, so we’ve put together this cheat sheet to help you out!

学习数据的困难之处在于记住所有语法。在Dataquest时，我们提倡习惯于查阅Python文档，有时可以得到一些方便的参考，这很高兴，因此我们整理了这份备忘单，可以为您提供帮助！

This cheat sheet is the companion to our Python Basics Data Science Cheat Sheet

该备忘单是我们的Python基础数据科学备忘单的伴侣

If you’re interested in learning Python, we have a free Python Programming: Beginner course which can start you on your data science journey.

如果您对学习Python感兴趣，我们有一个免费的Python编程：入门课程，可以帮助您开始数据科学之旅。

Download a Printable PDF of this Cheat Sheet

下载此备忘单的可打印PDF

关键基础知识，打印和获得帮助 (Key Basics, Printing and Getting Help)

This cheat sheet assumes you are familiar with the content of our Python Basics Cheat Sheet

该备忘单假定您熟悉我们的Python基础备忘单的内容

`ss`	A Python string variable	Python字符串变量
`ii`	A Python integer variable	Python整数变量
`ff`	A Python float variable	Python浮点变量
`ll`	A Python list variable	Python列表变量
`dd`	A Python dictionary variable	Python字典变数

清单 (Lists)

`l.pop(3)l.pop(3)`	`l` and deletes it from the list`l`的第四项并将其从列表中删除
`l.remove(x)l.remove(x)`	`l` that is equal to `l`中等于`xx`的第一项
`l.reverse()l.reverse()`	`ll`项目的顺序
`l[1::2]l[1::2]`	`l`, commencing from the `l` ，从开始`1`st item`1`日项目
`l[-5:]l[-5:]`	`ll`中的最后5个项目

弦乐 (Strings)

`s.lower()s.lower()`	`ss`的小写版本
`s.title()s.title()`	`s` with the first letter of every word capitalized`s` ，首字母大写
`"23".zfill(4)"23".zfill(4)`	`"0023"` by left-filling the string with `0`左填充字符串以使其长度为`0`’s to make it’s length `4`来返回`4`.`"0023"` 。
`s.splitlines()s.splitlines()`	Returns a list by splitting the string on any newline characters.	通过将字符串拆分为任何换行符来返回列表。
Python strings share some common methods with listsPython字符串与列表共享一些常用方法
`s[:5]s[:5]`	`5` characters of `s`的前`s5`字符
`"fri" + "end""fri" + "end"`	`"friend""friend"`
`"end" in s"end" in s`	`True` if the substring `s`找到子字符串`"end"` is found in `"end"`则返回`sTrue`

范围 (Range)

Range objects are useful for creating sequences of integers for looping.

范围对象对于创建整数序列进行循环很有用。

`range(5)range(5)`	`0` to `0`到`44`的序列
`range(2000,2018)range(2000,2018)`	`2000` to `2000`到`20172017`的序列
`range(0,11,2)range(0,11,2)`	`0` to `0`到`10`, with each item incrementing by `10`的序列，每一项增加`22`
`range(0,-10,-1)range(0,-10,-1)`	`0` to `0`到`-9-9`的序列
`list(range(5))list(range(5))`	`0` to `0`到`44`的列表

辞典 (Dictionaries)

`max(d, key=d.get)max(d, key=d.get)`	`dd`最大值的键
`min(d, key=d.get)min(d, key=d.get)`	`dd`最小值的键

套装 (Sets)

`my_set = set(l)my_set = set(l)`	`set` object containing the `l` unique values from 唯一值的`lset`对象
`len(my_set)len(my_set)`	Returns the number of objects in `my_set` (or, the number of unique values from `l`)	返回`my_set`中对象的`my_set` （或`l`中唯一值的数量）
`a in my_seta in my_set`	`True` if the value `my_set`存在值`a` exists in `a`则返回`my_setTrue`

常用表达 (Regular expressions)

`import reimport re`	Import the Regular Expressions module	导入正则表达式模块
`re.search("abc",s)re.search("abc",s)`	`match` object if the regex `s`找到正则表达式`"abc"` is found in `"abc"` ，则返回`s`, otherwise `match`对象，否则返回`NoneNone`
`re.sub("abc","xyz",s)re.sub("abc","xyz",s)`	`"abc"` are replaced by `"abc"`匹配的实例都将替换为`"xyz""xyz"`

清单理解 (List comprehension)

A one-line expression of a for loop

for循环的单行表达式

`[i 2 for i in range(10)][i 2 for i in range(10)]`	`0` to `0`到`99`的值的平方的列表
`[s.lower() for s in l_strings][s.lower() for s in l_strings]`	`l_strings`, with each item having had the `l_strings` ，每一项都应用`.lower()` method applied`.lower()`方法
`[i for i in l_floats if i < 0.5][i for i in l_floats if i < 0.5]`	`l_floats` that are less than `l_floats`返回小于`0.50.5`

循环功能 (Functions for looping)

`for i, value in enumerate(l): print("The value of item {} is {}".format(i,value))` `for i, value in enumerate(l): print("The value of item {} is {}".format(i,value))`	`l`, printing the index location of each item and its value`l` ，打印每个项目的索引位置及其值
	`l_one` and `l_one`和`l_two` and print each value`l_two`并打印每个值
`while x < 10: x += 1` `while x < 10: x += 1`	`x` is no longer less than `x`的值不再小于`1010`

约会时间 (Datetime)

`import datetime as dtimport datetime as dt`	`datetime` module`datetime`模块
`now = dt.datetime.now()now = dt.datetime.now()`	`datetime` object representing the current time to `datetime`对象到`nownow`
`wks4 = dt.datetime.timedelta(weeks=4)wks4 = dt.datetime.timedelta(weeks=4)`	`timedelta` object representing a timespan of 4 weeks to `timedelta`对象分配给`wks4wks4`
`now - wks4now - wks4`	`datetime` object representing the time 4 weeks prior to `datetime`对象表示时间前4周`nownow`
`newyear_2020 = dt.datetime(year=2020, month=12, day=31)newyear_2020 = dt.datetime(year=2020, month=12, day=31)`	`datetime` object representing December 25, 2020 to `datetime`对象分配给`newyear_2020newyear_2020`
`newyear_2020.strftime("%A, %b %d, %Y")newyear_2020.strftime("%A, %b %d, %Y")`	`"Thursday, Dec 31, 2020""Thursday, Dec 31, 2020"`
`dt.datetime.strptime('Dec 31, 2020',"%b %d, %Y")dt.datetime.strptime('Dec 31, 2020',"%b %d, %Y")`	`datetime` object representing December 31, 2020`datetime`对象

随机 (Random)

`import randomimport random`	`random` module`random`模块
`random.random()random.random()`	`0.0` and `0.0`和`1.01.0`之间的随机浮点数
`random.randint(0,10)random.randint(0,10)`	`0` and `0`到`1010`之间的随机整数
`random.choice(l)random.choice(l)`	`ll`

计数器 (Counter)

`from collections import Counterfrom collections import Counter`	`Counter` class`Counter`类
`c = Counter(l)c = Counter(l)`	`Counter` (dict-like) object with the counts of each unique item from `Counter` （类似dict的对象），其对象中每个唯一项的计数从`l`, to `l`到`cc`
`c.most_common(3)c.most_common(3)`	`ll`最常见的3个项目

尝试/除外 (Try/Except)

Catch and deal with errors

捕捉并处理错误

l_ints = [1, 2, 3, "", 5]

l_intsl_ints

l_ints to a float, catching and handling l_ints每个值转换为浮点数，捕获并处理ValueError: could not convert string to float: where values are missing.ValueError: could not convert string to float:缺少值的地方。