SQL Alter Table-如何添加列，重命名或删除列-语法示例说明

这是SQL ALTER TABLE的指南 (This is a guide to SQL ALTER TABLE)

This guide will introduce you to and attempt to explain some of the basics of the SQL alter table functions within a relational database.  IMPORTANT Safety Tip: ALWAYS backup your data before making changes!

本指南将向您介绍并尝试解释关系数据库中SQL alter table函数的一些基础知识。 重要安全提示：始终在更改之前备份您的数据！

We will be using MySQL for all examples throughout this freeCodeCamp SQL guide. The reasons for selecting MySQL are 1) it is very commonly used on websites for the backend database, 2) it’s free, and is fun and easy to use.

我们将在本freeCodeCamp SQL指南的所有示例中使用MySQL。 选择MySQL的原因是：1)它在后端数据库的网站上非常常用； 2)它是免费的，并且有趣且易于使用。

本指南涵盖 (Covered in this Guide)

We will use the tables created in the “CREATE TABLE” guide. Feel free to review that guide if you are not familiar with creating a table.

我们将使用“创建表”指南中创建的表。 如果您不熟悉创建表，请随时阅读该指南。

• Altering the created table will alter it in several different ways.
  更改创建的表将以几种不同方式对其进行更改。
• We’ll change its name and modify columns
  我们将更改其名称并修改列
• Add columns (while adding columns we will also review several of the most important column types and their use).
  添加列(添加列时，我们还将回顾几种最重要的列类型及其用法)。
• Drop columns (meaning remove the column).
  删除列(表示删除列)。
• Creating a table by importing a CSV file and altering that table.
  通过导入CSV文件并更改该表来创建表。
• Creating and modifying tables with MySQL workbench tools.
  使用MySQL工作台工具创建和修改表。

Most of this will be done using SQL statements in the MySQL workbench scripting tool but we will also review how to alter a table using the workbench interface instead of with SQL statements.

大多数操作将使用MySQL Workbench脚本工具中SQL语句完成，但我们还将回顾如何使用Workbench接口而不是SQL语句来更改表。

改表前 (The table before alterations)

Add date and email address columns (a date and a character column):

添加日期和电子邮件地址列(日期和字符列)：

Add a numeric column (note that it was added in a specific location in the table):

添加一个数字列(请注意，它是在表中的特定位置添加的)：

Rename some columns:

重命名一些列：

You can also use the alter table workbench tool. Just RIGHT click on the table you want to change and change as you wish.

您也可以使用alter table工作台工具。 只需右键单击要更改的表，然后根据需要进行更改。

There is much more that can be done, check the manual of your database management software to learn more.

还有很多事情可以做，请查看数据库管理软件的手册以了解更多信息。

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/sql-alter-table-add-column-rename-drop/