同步等待异步等待_哦，是的！异步/等待

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-07 01:17:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-12-07 01:17:55 发布

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文章标签： java python c++ javascript 多线程 ViewUI

原文链接：https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/oh-yes-async-await-f54e5a079fc1/

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同步等待异步等待

by Tiago Lopes Ferreira

由Tiago Lopes Ferreira

哦，是的！异步/等待 (Oh yes! Async / Await)

async/await is the new JavaScript syntax to declare an asynchronous function. It’s built on Promises, but is easier to use.

async / await是用于声明异步函数的新JavaScript语法。它基于Promises构建，但是更易于使用。

A thorough explanation of Promises is beyond the scope of this article. If you are new to Promises in JavaScript, please see Using promises to learn more. It’s not essential to be an expert on promises, but a good introduction will help you to learn async/await.

对Promises的详尽解释超出了本文的范围。如果您不熟悉JavaScript中的Promises，请参阅使用Promise了解更多信息。不一定要成为Promise的专家，但好的入门将有助于您学习async / await 。

Here is a quick reminder of how to write and use a promise.

这是有关如何编写和使用承诺的快速提醒。

承诺 (Promises)

A Promise represents a value that will be available now, in the future, or (possibly) never.

承诺表示现在，将来或(可能)永远不可用的值。

A Promise state can be one of the following:

Promise状态可以是以下之一：

pending — the Promise was neither resolved nor rejected. It represents a Promise‘s initial state.
待定 -承诺既未解决也未拒绝。它代表一个承诺的初始状态。
resolved — the operation, wrapped by the Promise, completed successfully.
已解决 -由Promise包装的操作已成功完成。
rejected — the operation failed.
拒绝 -操作失败。

getRandomWithPromise() defines a Promise that resolves with a random number value. setTimeout() simulates a delay to an asynchronous task such as an HTTP request.

getRandomWithPromise()定义一个Promise，该Promise用随机数值解析。 setTimeout()模拟对异步任务(例如HTTP请求setTimeout()的延迟。

Here’s an example of how we can use getRandomWithPromise().

这是我们如何使用getRandomWithPromise()的示例。

异步/等待 (async/await)

async/await is a keyword+operator pair that simplifies asynchronous code.

async / await是关键字+运算符对，可简化异步代码。

async declares the function is asynchronous.
async声明该函数是异步的。
await is the operator used to wait for a promise to be fulfilled. It can only be used within an async function.
等待是用于等待诺言兑现的操作员。它只能在异步函数中使用。

Let’s build an example, using the getRandomWithAsync() function and async/await.

让我们使用getRandomWithAsync()函数和async / await构建一个示例。

The first thing to notice is the keyword async declares the function is asynchronous

首先要注意的是关键字async声明该函数是异步的

The await operator pauses getRandomWithPromise()until the promise is fulfilled.

等待操作符会暂停getRandomWithPromise()直到实现诺言。

When fulfilled the promise can be:

兑现承诺时可以是：

resolved — meaning that await will return the resolved value.

已解决 -表示await将返回已解决的值。

rejected — meaning that await will throw the rejected value.

拒绝 -表示等待将抛出拒绝值。

Because a promise can throw an unexpected error it is important to wrap our code inside a try/catch block.

由于Promise可能会引发意外错误，因此将我们的代码包装在try / catch块中非常重要。

Note that the body of getRandomWithAsync() reads like it’s a synchronous function. This is one of the advantages of async/await. It makes the code logic easy to follow, even though it’s doing complicated work.

请注意， getRandomWithAsync()的主体读取时就像是一个同步函数。这是async / await的优点之一。即使执行复杂的工作，它也使代码逻辑易于遵循。

There’s no longer the need for indentation as with a promise chain.

不再像Promise链那样需要缩进。

等待 (await)

It’s important to remember await can only be used inside an async function. Otherwise, you’ll get a syntax error.

重要的是要记住，等待只能在异步函数中使用。否则，您将收到语法错误。

This is how to use await with an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE).

这就是如何将await与立即调用的函数表达式( IIFE )一起使用。

班级 (Classes)

We can also create async functions inside classes.

我们还可以在类内部创建异步函数。

多重承诺 (Multiple Promises)

What if we have more than one promise to fulfill before continuing?

如果我们在继续之前有一个以上的诺言履行，该怎么办？

We can do it in two ways — sequentially or concurrently.

我们可以通过两种方式进行操作-顺序或并发。

顺序的 (Sequential)

Promise b is only executed after Promise a fulfills. So the function execution time is the sum of execution time for Promises a and b.

承诺b仅在承诺a完成后才执行。因此，函数执行时间是承诺a和b的执行时间之和。

This can be a major performance issue. The good news is we can run both promises concurrently to save time.

这可能是一个主要的性能问题。好消息是我们可以同时履行两个承诺以节省时间。

同时 (Concurrent)

We can run both promises in parallel by modifying the code. If you request the random numbers and save the promises, they will run concurrently. We wait for both promises to complete by using await in separate expressions. The result is displayed when they are both complete

通过修改代码，我们可以并行运行这两个承诺。如果您请求随机数并保存承诺，则它们将同时运行。我们通过在单独的表达式中使用await等待两个承诺完成。当它们都完成时显示结果

The function execution time is equal to the promise that takes the longest time.

函数执行时间等于花费最长时间的承诺。

同时(通过Promise.all) (Concurrently (with Promise.all))

We can also use Promise.all for concurrency.

我们也可以使用Promise.all进行并发。

One of the advantages is that Promise.all has fail-fast behavior. If one promise fails, Promise.all will not wait for the other promises to be fulfilled. It rejects immediately.

优点之一是Promise.all具有快速失败的行为。如果一个承诺失败，Promise.all将不等待另一个承诺被兑现。它立即拒绝。

等待，然后 (await and thenable)

The use of the await operator is not restricted to promises. await will convert any non-promise value into a promise value. It does it by wrapping the value into Promise.resolve.

等待操作符的使用不限于promise。 await会将任何非承诺值转换为承诺值。它通过将值包装到Promise.resolve 。

await can be used with any object that has a .then() method. This object is also known as a thenable.

await可以与任何具有.then()方法的对象一起使用。此对象也称为thenable 。