计算机毕业代设_几代人的计算机

计算机毕业代设

几代人的计算机 (Generations of Computers)

Over the year various computing devices were invented that enable the people to solve different types of problems. All these computing devices can be classified into several generations. These generations refer to the phases of improvement made to different computing devices. The history of computers are discussed in terms of different generations of the computer as listed below:

一年来，发明了各种计算设备，使人们能够解决不同类型的问题。 所有这些计算设备都可以分为几代。 这些世代指的是对不同计算设备进行改进的阶段。 计算机的历史是根据以下列出的不同代计算机来讨论的：

1.第一代计算机 (1. First Generation Computer)

The first generation computer was employed during the period 1940-1956. These computers used the vacuum tube technology for calculation as well as for storage and control purpose. A vacuum tube is made up of glass and contains filament inside it. The input and output medium for the first-generation computer was the punched card and printout respectively.

第一代计算机在1940-1956年期间使用。 这些计算机将真空管技术用于计算以及存储和控制目的。 真空管由玻璃制成，内部装有细丝。 第一代计算机的输入和输出介质分别是打Kong卡和打印输出。

Advantages of First Generation Computers:

第一代计算机的优势：

• These computers were the fastest computing devices of their time.

  这些计算机是当时最快的计算设备。

• These computers were able to execute complex mathematical problems in an efficient manner.

  这些计算机能够有效地执行复杂的数学问题。

2.第二代计算机 (2. Second Generation Computers)

The second generation of the computer was employed during the period 1956-1963. The main characteristic of these computers was the use of the transistor in place of vacuum tubes in building the basic logic circuits. The transistors were invented by Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen in 1947 for which they win the Nobel prize. The transistor is a semiconductor device which is used to increase the power of incoming signals by preserving the shape of the original signal is called transistors. Another major technology development made to this computer was the replacement of the machine language with the assembly language.

第二代计算机是在1956-1963年间使用的。 这些计算机的主要特征是在构建基本逻辑电路时使用晶体管代替了真空管。 晶体管由Shockley，Brattain和Bardeen于1947年发明，并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。 晶体管是一种半导体器件，被称为晶体管，用于通过保持原始信号的形状来增加输入信号的功率。 该计算机的另一项重大技术发展是将机器语言替换为汇编语言。

Advantages of Second Generation Computers:

第二代计算机的优势：

• They were the fastest computing devices of their time.

  它们是当时最快的计算设备。

• They were easy to program because of the use of assembly language.

  由于使用了汇编语言，因此易于编程。

• They required very less power in carrying out their operations.

  他们执行操作所需的能量非常少。

• They were required to be placed in air-conditioned places.

  他们被要求放置在有空调的地方。

3.第三代计算机 (3. Third Generation of Computer )

The third generations of the computer were employed during the period 1964-1975. The major characteristic feature of the third generation computer system was the use of Integrated Circuits (ICs). The ICs technology was also known as microelectronics technology. ICs are the circuits that combine various electronic component such as a transistor, capacitor etc. ICs were superior to vacuum tube and transistors in terms of cost and performance. The cost of the ICs are very low and the performance is very high.

第三代计算机在1964年至1975年期间使用。 第三代计算机系统的主要特征是集成电路(IC)的使用。 IC技术也称为微电子技术。 IC是结合了各种电子元件(例如晶体管，电容器等)的电路。在成本和性能方面，IC优于真空管和晶体管。 IC的成本非常低，性能也很高。

Advantages of Third Generation Computer:

第三代计算机的优势：

• They were very productive because of their small computational time.

  由于计算时间短，因此它们非常有生产力。

• They were easily transportable from one place to another because of their small size.

  它们体积小，很容易从一个地方运输到另一个地方。

• They were more reliable and required less frequent maintenance schedule.

  它们更加可靠，并且不需要那么频繁的维护计划。

• They could be installed very easily and required less space for their installation.

  它们可以非常容易地安装，并且需要较少的安装空间。

4.第四代计算机 (4. Fourth Generation Computer)

The fourth generation computer was employed during 1975-1989. The invention of large-scale Integration (LSI) technology and very large scale integration (VLSI) technology led to the development of the fourth generation of computer. however, these computers still used the IC technology to build the basic circuits. Apart from this technology the fourth generation also includes the following development:

第四代计算机在1975-1989年期间使用。 大规模集成(LSI)技术和超大规模集成(VLSI)技术的发明引发了第四代计算机的发展。 但是，这些计算机仍然使用IC技术来构建基本电路。 除此技术外，第四代还包括以下开发：

• Development of Graphical User Interface (GUI).

  图形用户界面(GUI)的开发。

• Development of a new operating system.

  开发新的操作系统。

• Development of Local Area Network (LAN).

  局域网(LAN)的发展。

• The invention of various secondary storage and I/o devices.

  各种辅助存储和I / o设备的发明。

Advantages of Fourth Generation Computers:

第四代计算机的优势：

• They were highly reliable and required very less maintenance.

  它们非常可靠，所需维护很少。

• They provided a user- friendly environment while working because of the development of GUIs and interactive I/O devices.

  由于GUI和交互式I / O设备的开发，它们在工作时提供了用户友好的环境。

5.第五代计算机 (5. Fifth Generation Computers)

The different types of the modern digital computer come under the categories of the fifth generation of computers. The fifth generation of computers is based on the Ultra Large Scale (ULSI) technology that allows almost ten million electronic component to be fabricated on one small chip. Some of the improvement or development made during this generation of the computer are as follow:

现代数字计算机的不同类型属于第五代计算机的类别。 第五代计算机基于超大规模(ULSI)技术，该技术允许在一个小芯片上制造近一千万个电子组件。 在此代计算机的过程中，进行了一些改进或开发，如下所示：

• Development of Parallel Processor.

  开发并行处理器。

• The invention of optical Disk technology.

  光盘技术的发明。

• Development of centralized computers called services.

  开发称为服务的集中式计算机。

Advantages of Fifth Generation Computers:

第五代计算机的优势：

• They are the fastest and powerful computer to date.

  它们是迄今为止最快，功能最强大的计算机。

• They are versatile for communication and resources sharing.

  它们对于通讯和资源共享是通用的。

• They are able to execute a large number of applications at the same time and that too at a very high speed.

  他们能够同时并且以很高的速度执行大量的应用程序。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/generations-of-computers.aspx

计算机毕业代设