foss测试_FOSS简介（免费和开源软件）

foss测试

免费软件 (Free Software)

Firstly, we need to know what exactly free software is, when we talk about free software, we mean it as a software where you have "FREEDOM TO SPEECH". Freedom as in to use the software the way you want, the no. of copies you use, how do you distribute it after modifications or unmodified.

首先，我们需要了解什么是完全免费的软件，当我们谈论自由软件时，我们将其表示为您拥有“免费语音”的软件 。 以您想要的方式自由使用软件，没有。 使用的副本，修改或未修改后如何分发。

开源软件 (Open Source Software)

Now as we know what free is, we need to know about what does Open Source Software mean.

现在我们知道免费是什么，我们需要了解开源软件的含义。

Software is considered to be Open Source when its source code is available to the public and anyone can have access to it, view it, modify it or use it.

当软件的源代码可供公众使用，并且任何人都可以访问，查看，修改或使用它时，该软件被认为是开源的 。

There are times when people get confused with the term FOSS, not every free software is open source and not every open source software can be free (Some might ask money to provide its source code and also for any changes you make in it).

有时，人们会对术语FOSS感到困惑，不是每个免费软件都是开源的，也不是每个开源软件都是免费的(有些人可能会要求金钱来提供其源代码以及您在其中所做的任何更改)。

Opposite to FOSS is Proprietary and CSS.

与FOSS相反的是专有和CSS。

• Proprietary:

  专有 ：

  Various confinements on use, encapsulated in

  各种使用限制，封装在

  EULAs (End User License Agreements) – e.g., what number of occurrences can be run without a moment's delay, what machines can run on, illicit to figure out, what number of customers can interface, need actuation, and so forth.

  EULA (最终用户许可协议)–例如，可以在不延迟的情况下运行多少次事件，可以在哪些机器上运行，如何弄清楚，可以连接多少客户，需要执行什么操作，等等。

• Closed Source Software:

  封闭源代码软件 ：

  just a twofold/executable form of the program is given can't look at nor edit the code.

  仅给出了程序的双重/可执行形式，无法查看或编辑代码。

Few examples of FOSS

FOSS的几个例子

• Linux

  的Linux

• Android

  安卓系统

• MySQL

  MySQL

• Pearl

  珍珠

• PHP

  PHP

• Python

  Python

• Open Office

  开发办公室

FOSS的特征 (Characteristics of FOSS)

• Mostly People build FOSS in collaboration with contributions coming from all around the globe via the Internet and GitHub has been an amazing platform for the same.

  大多数情况下，人们通过互联网与来自世界各地的贡献合作来构建FOSS，而GitHub则是一个了不起的平台。

• Backing for FOSS is normally given using mail lists, newsgroups, and web gatherings.

  FOSS的支持通常使用邮件列表，新闻组和网络聚会来提供。

• Most FOSS is free of cost, so no constant expense for "redesigns."

  大多数FOSS都是免费的，因此“重新设计”没有固定费用。

  Not constrained to running a single case or ensuring permit arrangements are being met.

  不受限于处理单个案件或确保满足许可安排。

• Many organizations exist to offer help or customization for organizations utilizing FOSS.

  存在许多组织可以为使用FOSS的组织提供帮助或定制。

FOSS的优势 (Advantages of FOSS)

Advantages of community-based program development incorporate picking up knowledge into the social setting of an issue or issue, shared learning encounters among shoppers and suppliers, expanding comprehension of expert jobs and obligations inside the community, association with experts from different orders, and open doors for community-based participatory research projects. Increased maintainability is a favorable position in the community-based program structure. The program manageability is guaranteed by the ID of answers for issues dependent on existing assets open to all community individuals. Likewise, the contribution of neighborhood community pioneers and nearby volunteers fortifies the supportability of the effect of the program.

基于社区的程序开发的优势包括将知识收集到一个或多个问题的社会环境中，购物者和供应商之间共享的学习机会，扩大对社区内专家工作和义务的理解，与来自不同订单的专家的联系以及敞开的门用于基于社区的参与性研究项目。 可维护性的提高是基于社区的计划结构中的有利位置。 依赖于向所有社区个人开放的现有资产的问题的答案ID可以保证程序的可管理性。 同样，社区先驱者和附近志愿者的贡献加强了该计划效果的可支持性。

FOSS的缺点 (Disadvantages of FOSS)

A few difficulties of community-based program configuration are the constrained accessibility of assets, affinity for elevated levels of staff turnover, the dependence upon unpaid volunteers, member maintenance, and the assessment of a unique undertaking environment. For similar reasons that manageability is a bit of leeway of this methodology, using restricted accessible assets is a test. In light of free-market principals and asset shortage, programs regularly work underneath Pareto efficiency.

基于社区的计划配置的一些困难是资产的可访问性受限，对员工流动率提高的亲和力，对无薪志愿者的依赖，成员维护以及对独特创业环境的评估。 出于类似的原因，可管理性是该方法的余地，使用受限的可访问资产是一种测试。 鉴于自由市场本金和资产短缺，计划经常在帕累托效率下运作。

FOSS的历史 (History of FOSS)

In the early '60s and '70s software was mostly built by large computer companies and was shared with the user free of cost. During this time, source code, the human-readable type of programming, was commonly dispensed with the product giving the capacity to fix bugs or include new functions. Universities were early adopters of figuring innovation. A considerable lot of the alterations created by colleges were transparently shared, with regards to the scholastic standards of sharing information, and associations jumped up to encourage sharing. As enormous scale working frameworks developed, fewer associations enabled adjustments to the working programming, and in the end, such working frameworks were shut to change. In any case, utilities and other included capacity applications are as yet shared and new associations have been shaped to advance the sharing of programming.

在60年代和70年代初期，该软件主要由大型计算机公司构建，并免费与用户共享。 在这段时间里，产品通常省去了源代码(人类可读的编程类型)，从而可以修复错误或包含新功能。 大学是采用创新的早期采用者。 关于共享信息的学术标准，许多大学创造的变更都是透明地共享的，并且协会跳起来鼓励共享。 随着规模庞大的工作框架的发展，越来越少的关联允许对工作程序进行调整，最终，这种工作框架被迫改变。 在任何情况下，公用事业和其他包含容量的应用程序都尚未共享，并且已经形成了新的关联以促进程序共享。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/foss/introduction-to-foss-free and open-source software.aspx

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