Linux Essentials命令行备忘单

Operators&& - and, || - or
aproposReturns all documentation containing the defined command
bzip/bunzip - bzipCompresses files
catOutputs the contents of a file
cdChange directory
chmodChange file mode
chownChange ownership
clearClears the screen
cp Copy
Options
-f Force; will overwrite any existing files with the same name
-i Interactive; will ask to overwrite
-p Preserves file ownership
-r Recursive; will copy files under directories
-a Archive; preserve symlinks
-u Copy only if original file is newer
cut Manipulate data by columns
Options
-c Range to cut [-c2-4]
-d Define a deliminator to use with fields
-f Return the numbered field
digLook up IP addresses and DNS names
envShow environmental variables for current user
exitTerminates all current processes, including shell
findLocate file in system
fingerUsed to find out information regarding a user
freeReports on system memory
grep search for string
Options
-i Case insensitive
-n Include line number in output
groupadd Add group
Options
-g Group ID
-p Password
-r Create system group
groupmod Modify group
Options
-g GID
-p Password
headOutput the first ten lines of a file
haltShuts down operating system
id Outputs user and group IDs for a user
Options
-u Show only UID
-g Show only GID
-G Show all groups to which a user belongs
-Gn Group name
if Conditional statements in bash scripting
Options
-d See if directory exists
-e See if file exists
-f See if file exists and it is a regular file
-G See if file exists and it is owned by a defined group
-h See if file exists and it is symlinked
-L See if file exists and it is symlinked (same as -h)
-O See if file exists and it is owned by defined UID
-r See if file exists and has read permissions
-w See if file exists and had write permissions
-x See if file can be executed
ifconfig Shows NIC for network card; configures network settings
infoImproved manual pages
init 0Shuts down operating system
init 6Reboots the operating system
ipaddr Replaces ifconfig on newer systems
lasthows last command used by defined user
lessOpens file in a vim-like environment for viewing
lnlink files
Option
-s Create symbolic link
ls List contents of directory
Options
-a List all files, including hidden files
-l List files, including details such as owner and permissions
-p Adds a / to the end of directories
-R Enable recursion, including all sub-directories
man Manual pages
1 Executable programs and shell commands
2 System calls for the kernel
3 Library calls
4 Device files
5 File formats
6 Games
7 Misc.
8 Programs only run by the root user
9 Kernel routines
-k Returns all documentation containing search keyword (apropos)
mv/move Used to move or rename files
Options
-m Set permissions mode
-p Force recursion
netstat Shows network status
Options
-a All listening and non-listening sockets
-i Network interface statistics
-l Listening sockets
-s Summary of each protocol
passwd Change/set password
Options
-S View password settings
-l Locks account
-u Unlocks account
-d Remove password
-n Set days before password change
-x Set maximum days before password change
-w Days to warn prior to password reset
-i Days to wait after expired password to disable account
pingTest connectivity of remote network device
psProcess status
Options
-u Define user
pwck Verifies the integrity of the password files
pwconv Syncs /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow
pwdPrint working directory
rebootShuts down, then restarts the system
route View routing tables
set - similar to envWorks with environment variables
sort Sorts text in file
Options
-r Sort in reverse order
-n Sort numerically
suSubstitute user
sudoRun command as root
tailOutputs the last ten lines of a file
rmRemove
Option
-r Enable recursion
rmdirRemove directory
shutdown Shuts down the system
Options
-H Halts the machine
-P Power off
-r Reboot
-h Equivalent to powering off, overridden by --halt
-k Send warning, but perform no actions
-c Cancel a shutdown
suSubstitute user
tar Archives files
Options
-cf Create file
-xf Extract file
-v Verbose
-zcf Archive with gzip
-jcf Archive with bzip2
top Shows list of current applications/processes, and system usage
Options
h Help
k Input process ID to kill
r Change process priorety
p Sort by CPU usage
m Sort by memory usage
touch Created empty file
Options
-c Will not create file if one exists; will update timestamp
-d Manually set timestamp; can be used with directories
traceroute Traces the route a packet takes
uname Returns information related to the system
Options
-s Displays kernel name
-n Displays hostname
-r Kernel release number
-v Kernel version number
-m Hardware architecture
-p Processor architecture
-i Hardware platform
-o Operating system
-a All information
useradd Adds new user
Options
-D Outputs defaults
-c Comment
-e When to expire account
-f Number of days after password expiration to disable account
-g Default group
-G Additional groups
-M Do not create home directory
-m Set home directory
-p Define password
-r Create system user
-s Set default shell
-u Define UID
userdelDelete user
Option
-r Delete home folder
usermod Modify user account
Options
-c Comment
-e Expire date
-f Days after password expiration to disable account
-G Add groups
-l Change username
-L Lock account
-m Move home directory
-p Change password
-u Set user ID
-U Unlock account
wDisplays user system information
wc Word count
Options
-w Count words
-c Count characters
whatisReturns available man pages for command
whichShows location of application
who Displays who is logged in
Options
-b Last boot time of machine
-m Hostname and associated user
-r Run level for current user
-q Number of logged-in users
-a All
whoamiOutputs username of current user
zip/unzip - zip;Compresses files
经营者 &&-和,|| - 要么
适当的 返回包含已定义命令的所有文档
bzip / bunzip-bzip 压缩文件
输出文件内容
光盘 变更目录
chmod 变更档案模式
wn 变更拥有权
明确 清除屏幕
cp 复制
选件
-f力; 将会覆盖任何具有相同名称的现有文件
-i互动; 会要求覆盖
-p保留文件所有权
-r递归; 将复制目录下的文件
-存档; 保留符号链接
-u仅在原始文件较新时复制
按列处理数据
选件
-c切割范围[-c2-4]
-d定义一个与字段一起使用的分隔符
-f返回编号字段
查找IP地址和DNS名称
环保 显示当前用户的环境变量
出口 终止所有当前进程,包括shell
在系统中找到文件
手指 用于查找有关用户的信息
自由 报告系统内存
grep 搜索字符串
选件
-i不区分大小写
-n在输出中包括行号
组添加 新增群组
选件
-g组ID
-p密码
-r创建系统组
组mod 修改组
选件
-g GID
-p密码
输出文件的前十行
停止 关闭操作系统
ID 输出用户的用户ID和组ID
选件
-u仅显示UID
-g仅显示GID
-G显示用户所属的所有组
-Gn组名
如果 bash脚本中的条件语句
选件
-d查看目录是否存在
-e查看文件是否存在
-f查看文件是否存在并且它是常规文件
-G查看文件是否存在,并且是否属于已定义的组
-h查看文件是否存在并且已被符号链接
-L查看文件是否存在并且已被符号链接(与-h相同)
-O查看文件是否存在,并且由定义的UID拥有
-r查看文件是否存在并具有读取权限
-w查看文件是否存在并具有写权限
-x查看文件是否可以执行
ifconfig 显示网卡的NIC; 配置网络设置
信息 改进的手册页
初始化0 关闭操作系统
初始化6 重新启动操作系统
伊帕德 在较新的系统上替换ifconfig
持续 定义的用户使用的最后命令的方式
在类似vim的环境中打开文件进行查看
ln 链接文件
选项
-s创建符号链接
ls 列出目录内容
选件
-a列出所有文件,包括隐藏文件
-l列出文件,包括所有者和权限等详细信息
-p在目录末尾添加/
-R启用递归,包括所有子目录
男子 手册页
1可执行程序和外壳命令
2内核的系统调用
3图书馆电话
4个设备文件
5种文件格式
6游戏
7其他
8个程序仅由root用户运行
9个内核例程
-k返回所有包含搜索关键字(apropos)的文档
MV /移动 用于移动或重命名文件
选件
-m设置权限模式
-p强制递归
netstat 显示网络状态
选件
-a所有监听和非监听套接字
-i网络接口统计
-l监听套接字
-s每个协议的摘要
密码 更改/设置密码
选件
-S查看密码设置
-l锁定帐户
-u解锁帐户
-d删除密码
-n设置密码更改前的天数
-x设置密码更改前的最长天数
-w密码重置前的警告天数
-i密码过期后等待几天才能禁用帐户
ping 测试远程网络设备的连接
ps Craft.io状态
选件
-u定义用户
w 验证密码文件的完整性
pwconv 同步/ etc / passwd和/ etc / shadow
密码 打印工作目录
重启 关闭,然后重新启动系统
路线 查看路由表
设置-类似于env 使用环境变量
分类 对文件中的文本进行排序
选件
-r反向排序
-n按数字排序
su 替代用户
须藤 以root身份运行命令
尾巴 输出文件的最后十行
R M 去掉
选项
-r启用递归
rmdir 删除目录
关掉 关闭系统
选件
-H停止机器
-P关机
-r重新启动
-h等效于关闭电源,由--halt覆盖
-k发送警告,但不执行任何操作
-c取消关机
su 替代用户
柏油 存档文件
选件
-cf创建文件
-xf提取文件
-v详细
-zcf使用gzip存档
-jcf使用bzip2存档
最佳 显示当前应用程序/进程和系统使用情况的列表
选件
h帮助
k输入要杀死的进程ID
变更流程优先级
p按CPU使用率排序
m按内存使用量排序
触摸 创建空文件
选件
-c如果存在则不创建文件; 将更新时间戳
-d手动设置时间戳; 可以与目录一起使用
跟踪路由 跟踪数据包采用的路由
ame 返回与系统有关的信息
选件
-s显示内核名称
-n显示主机名
-r内核发行号
-v内核版本号
-m硬件架构
-p处理器架构
-i硬件平台
-o操作系统
-a所有信息
用户添加 添加新用户
选件
-D输出默认值
-c评论
-e帐户何时到期
-f密码到期后禁用帐户的天数
-g默认组
-G其他组
-M不创建主目录
-m设置主目录
-p定义密码
-r创建系统用户
-s设置默认外壳
-u定义UID
用户名 删除用户
选项
-r删除主文件夹
用户模组 修改用户帐号
选件
-c评论
-e到期日期
-f密码过期后的天数以禁用帐户
-G添加组
-l更改用户名
-L锁定帐户
-m移动主目录
-p更改密码
-u设置用户ID
-U解锁帐户
w 显示用户系统信息
厕所 字数
选件
-w数词
-c计数字符
什么是 返回可用的手册页
哪一个 显示应用程序的位置
WHO 显示谁登录
选件
-b机器的最后启动时间
-m主机名和关联的用户
-r当前用户的运行级别
-q登录的用户数
-全部
我是谁 输出当前用户的用户名
zip / unzip-zip; 压缩文件

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/linux/linux-essentials-command-line-cheat-sheet.aspx

Learn Linux, and take your career to the next level! Linux Essentials, 2nd Edition provides a solid foundation of knowledge for anyone considering a career in information technology, for anyone new to the Linux operating system, and for anyone who is preparing to sit for the Linux Essentials Exam. Through this engaging resource, you can access key information in a learning-by-doing style. Hands-on tutorials and end-of-chapter exercises and review questions lead you in both learning and applying new information—information that will help you achieve your goals! With the experience provided in this compelling reference, you can sit down for the Linux Essentials Exam with confidence. An open source operating system, Linux is a UNIX-based platform that is freely updated by developers. The nature of its development means that Linux is a low-cost and secure alternative to other operating systems, and is used in many different IT environments. Passing the Linux Essentials Exam prepares you to apply your knowledge regarding this operating system within the workforce. Access lessons that are organized by task, allowing you to quickly identify the topics you are looking for and navigate the comprehensive information presented by the book Discover the basics of the Linux operating system, including distributions, types of open source applications, freeware, licensing, operations, navigation, and more Explore command functions, including navigating the command line, turning commands into scripts, and more Identify and create user types, users, and groups Linux Essentials, 2nd Edition is a critical resource for anyone starting a career in IT or anyone new to the Linux operating system.
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