Spring @Service批注

Spring @Service annotation is a specialization of @Component annotation. Spring Service annotation can be applied only to classes. It is used to mark the class as a service provider.

Spring @Service注释是@Component注释的一种特殊形式。 Spring Service批注只能应用于类。 它用于将类标记为服务提供者。

Spring @Service批注 (Spring @Service Annotation)

Spring @Service annotation is used with classes that provide some business functionalities. Spring context will autodetect these classes when annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning is used.

Spring @Service注释与提供某些业务功能的类一起使用。 当使用基于注释的配置和类路径扫描时，Spring上下文将自动检测这些类。

Spring @Service示例 (Spring @Service Example)

Let’s create a simple spring application where we will create a Spring service class.

让我们创建一个简单的spring应用程序，在其中创建一个Spring服务类。

Create a simple maven project in Eclipse and add following spring core dependency.

在Eclipse中创建一个简单的maven项目，并添加以下spring核心依赖项。

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
	<version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

Our final project structure will look like below image.

我们的最终项目结构将如下图所示。

Let’s create a service class.

让我们创建一个服务类。

package com.journaldev.spring;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("ms")
public class MathService {

	public int add(int x, int y) {
		return x + y;
	}
	
	public int subtract(int x, int y) {
		return x - y;
	}
}

Notice that it’s a simple java class that provides functionalities to add and subtract two integers. So we can call it a service provider. We have annotated it with @Service annotation so that spring context can autodetect it and we can get its instance from the context.

注意，这是一个简单的java类，提供了添加和减去两个整数的功能。 因此，我们可以称其为服务提供商。 我们已使用@Service批注对其进行批注，以便spring上下文可以自动检测到它，并可以从上下文中获取其实例。

Let’s create a main class where we will create the annotation-driven spring context get the instance of our service class.

让我们创建一个主类，在该主类中创建注释驱动的spring上下文，以获取我们的服务类的实例。

package com.journaldev.spring;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class SpringMainClass {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
		context.scan("com.journaldev.spring");
		context.refresh();

		MathService ms = context.getBean(MathService.class);

		int add = ms.add(1, 2);
		System.out.println("Addition of 1 and 2 = " + add);

		int subtract = ms.subtract(2, 1);
		System.out.println("Subtraction of 2 and 1 = " + subtract);
		
		//close the spring context
		context.close();
	}

}

Just execute the class as a Java application, it will produce following output.

只需将类作为Java应用程序执行，它将产生以下输出。

Jun 05, 2018 3:02:05 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@ff5b51f: startup date [Tue Jun 05 15:02:05 IST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
Addition of 1 and 2 = 3
Subtraction of 2 and 1 = 1
Jun 05, 2018 3:02:05 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext doClose
INFO: Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@ff5b51f: startup date [Tue Jun 05 15:02:05 IST 2018]; root of context hierarchy

If you notice our MathService class, we have defined the service name as “ms”. We can get the instance of MathService using this name too. The output will remain same in this case. However, we will have to use explicit casting.

如果您注意到我们的MathService类，则我们已将服务名称定义为“ ms”。 我们也可以使用该名称获取MathService的实例。 在这种情况下，输出将保持不变。 但是，我们将不得不使用显式强制转换。

MathService ms = (MathService) context.getBean("ms");

That’s all for a quick example of Spring @Service annotation.

这就是Spring @Service注释的快速示例。

GitHub Repository. GitHub Repository下载示例项目代码。

Reference: API Doc

参考： API文档

翻译自: https://www.journaldev.com/21435/spring-service-annotation