云计算概述-CSDN博客

The word “Cloud Computing” coined when Amazon started to offer Amazon Web Services (AWS) in 2006, which provides IT services to business as web-services.

“云计算”一词是在2006年亚马逊开始提供亚马逊网络服务（AWS）时提出的 ，该服务为企业提供Web服务的 IT服务。

A powerful paradigm shift occurred when technology giants like Google and Amazon started using the word “cloud computing”. This was used to describe the new services. In which you can increasingly accessing files, computer power, and software over the Web instead of on their machines or Desktop.

当诸如Google和Amazon之类的技术巨头开始使用“云计算”一词时，发生了一种强大的范式转换。这用来描述新服务。在其中，您可以越来越多地通过Web而不是在其计算机或台式机上访问文件，计算机功能和软件。

Now, cloud computing has been a platform for offering highly reliable, available and scalable services on the Internet. Which makes it so popular among the providers that most of the technology companies in America seems to be selling cloud computing.

现在，云计算已经成为在Internet上提供高度可靠，可用和可扩展的服务的平台。这使得它在提供商中如此受欢迎，以致美国大多数技术公司似乎都在出售云计算。

什么是云计算？ (What is Cloud Computing?)

A cloud is nothing but a group of servers connected together to provide on-demand delivery of storage, Computer power, application services and other technology resources over the internet.

云不过是一组连接在一起的服务器，它们可以通过Internet按需提供存储，计算机功能，应用程序服务和其他技术资源。

Cloud Computing provides you easy access to servers, databases, storage, software and a broad set of services over the internet. It comes with the flexibility that you pay for what you use.

云计算使您可以通过Internet轻松访问服务器，数据库，存储，软件和各种服务。它具有随用随付的灵活性。

The most attractive capability of Cloud Computing is that you can add & release services, computer power, and storage the moment you need. And cloud computing guarantees the 99.99% availability of these resources on-demand.

云计算最吸引人的功能是您可以在需要时添加和释放服务，计算机功能以及存储。云计算保证按需提供99.99％的这些资源可用性。

为什么选择云计算？ (Why Cloud Computing?)

You might have started sensing the need for cloud computing. It solves a broad set of classical problems of On-premises software development & deployments where you have a server with limited resources.

您可能已经开始意识到对云计算的需求。它解决了本地软件开发和部署中的一系列经典问题，在这些情况中，您的服务器资源有限。

Here is the list of few of many advantages of cloud computing over On-premises deployments:

以下列出了云计算相对于本地部署的许多优势：

成本效益 (Cost Efficiency)

Building your own servers is a highly expensive task and requires expertise. In order to install a new server, you will order, pay for, install, configure and monitor even if you have no application running on it.

构建自己的服务器是一项非常昂贵的任务，需要专业知识。为了安装新服务器，即使没有应用程序在运行，您也要订购，付款，安装，配置和监视。

In cloud computing, you only pay for the services that you use. Moreover, it has gone further to reduce the cost by allowing you that “you can pay only when you consume the computing resources and how much you use” .

在云计算中，您只需为使用的服务付费。而且，通过允许您“仅在消耗计算资源和使用量时才可以付款”，进一步降低了成本。

高可用性 (High Availability)

In general, availability means every request is guaranteed to receive a response. Theoretically speaking you will never get “Server not available” for any request.

通常，可用性意味着保证每个请求都会收到响应。从理论上讲，您将永远不会因任何请求而获得“服务器不可用”。

Most of the cloud providers claim that their availability of services is 100% but the fact is that they are at least 99.99% available, which is a big percentage.

大多数云提供商声称他们的服务可用性为100％，但事实是它们至少有99.99％的可用性 ，这是一个很大的百分比。

存储容量 (Storage Capacity)

Cloud computing knows no boundaries; you can increase the storage capacity at the moment you want. Because the cloud has unlimited storage available on-demand. You can trim down the storage to a bare minimum when you don’t want.

云计算无国界。 您可以在需要时增加存储容量。因为云具有按需可用的无限存储。您可以在不需要时将存储空间减少到最低限度。

高度可靠 (Highly Reliable)

Unlike in-house infrastructure, cloud computing platform provides reliable, much more managed and consistent services. Cloud platforms guarantee the 99.99% availability which ensures the services 24×7 and 365 days.

与内部基础架构不同，云计算平台可提供可靠，更多托管和一致的服务。云平台保证99.99％的可用性，从而确保24×7和365天的服务。

The applications running on them can easily be transferred to the other servers if a server fails.

如果服务器发生故障，在它们上运行的应用程序可以轻松地转移到其他服务器。

备份与恢复 (Backup and Recovery)

Keeping the backup of your data on the cloud is a lot easier and cheap than the physical storage. Also, you can take backup as many times as you want without worrying about storage capacity.

与物理存储相比，将数据备份保存在云上要容易得多且便宜得多。此外，您可以根据需要进行多次备份，而不必担心存储容量。

If anything goes wrong or you want to recover the lost data, cloud platform provides you enough services and technology for the recovery of your data.

如果出现任何问题或您想要恢复丢失的数据，云平台将为您提供足够的服务和技术来恢复数据。

云计算类型 (Cloud Computing Types)

Mainly, the cloud is of three types – Public, Private and Hybrid. There is one more type of cloud named “Community Cloud” which is not commonly used. It’s a kind of computing collaboration for a specific community.

云主要是三种类型的：公共云，私有云和混合云。还有另一种不常用的云，称为“社区云”。这是针对特定社区的一种计算协作。

Cloud Types

云类型

公有云 (Public Cloud)

In a public cloud, the third party service provider makes the service, storage, and resources available to be used by the customer.

在公共云中，第三方服务提供商使服务，存储和资源可供客户使用。

Moreover, whole computing infrastructure is located on the premises of the cloud provider who provides the cloud services. The customer of public clouds has no physical control over the infrastructure.

此外，整个计算基础架构都位于提供云服务的云提供商的房屋内。公共云的客户对基础架构没有物理控制。

私有云 (Private Cloud)

Private clouds are often known as “On-premises” cloud. A private cloud is almost similar to the public cloud but it has limited service to offer than a public cloud. But the data and services of a private cloud are managed by the company or organization that maintains it.

私有云通常被称为“本地”云 。私有云几乎类似于公共云，但是与公共云相比，它提供的服务有限。但是私有云的数据和服务由维护它的公司或组织管理。

In a private cloud, the organization has full control of the cloud infrastructure. Private clouds also termed as the “Legacy style of deployment” and considered more secure than public cloud because of limited access.

在私有云中，组织可以完全控制云基础架构。私有云也被称为“部署的传统样式”，并且由于访问受限而被认为比公共云更安全。

混合云 (Hybrid Cloud)

As per the name, the Hybrid Cloud is a combination of Public Cloud and Private Cloud.

顾名思义，混合云是公共云和私有云的组合。

Choosing the hybrid cloud depends on the individual needs of the organization and security of data. Hybrid Clouds are also used as a common method of deployment between cloud and existing on-premises infrastructure to extend and grow.

选择混合云取决于组织的个人需求和数据的安全性。混合云还用作云与现有本地基础结构之间扩展和增长的通用部署方法。

社区云 (Community Cloud)

Community clouds are not commonly used cloud platform. The idea of a community cloud is a result of collaborative efforts to share the infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community.

社区云不是常用的云平台。社区云的概念是协作努力的结果，该努力是在特定社区的多个组织之间共享基础结构。

A community cloud basically provides the infrastructure service to solve the common concerns of a particular community.

社区云基本上提供基础结构服务，以解决特定社区的共同关注点。

云计算服务模型 (Cloud Computing Service Models)

The whole idea of cloud computing is to provide service over the Internet which could be infrastructure services, platform service or software service. As cloud computing has grown in popularity, several different deployment strategies and service models have emerged to meet the specific needs of different users.

云计算的整个思想是通过Internet提供服务，可以是基础结构服务，平台服务或软件服务。随着云计算的普及，出现了几种不同的部署策略和服务模型来满足不同用户的特定需求。

Let’s understand cloud computing service models and differentiate between Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service and Software as a Service. This will help users of the cloud to make the right choice:

让我们了解云计算服务模型，并区分基础架构即服务，平台即服务和软件即服务。这将帮助云用户做出正确的选择：

IaaS (IaaS)

IaaS is an abbreviation for “Infrastructure-as-a-Service” . It typically contains the infrastructure service blocks which provides access to computer power (virtual or dedicated), networking and storage space etc. Infrastructure as a service also provides provision to manage these services with the highest level flexibility and control over resources.

IaaS是“基础架构即服务”的缩写。它通常包含基础结构服务块，提供对计算机功能（虚拟或专用），网络和存储空间等的访问。基础结构即服务还提供了以最高级别的灵活性管理这些服务并控制资源的措施。

AWS is one of the best examples of Infrastructure as a Service. This is the most basic cloud computing category where you can rent the infrastructure services on the Internet.

AWS是基础架构即服务的最佳示例之一。这是最基本的云计算类别，您可以在其中租用Internet上的基础结构服务。

PaaS (PaaS)

PaaS is an abbreviation for “Platform-as-a-Service”. Platforms as a service focus on providing a platform which allows you the deployment, maintenance, and management of your application. It removes the need to manage the infrastructure service (Virtual machines, OS, Storage etc.)

PaaS是“平台即服务”的缩写。平台即服务专注于提供一个平台，该平台允许您部署，维护和管理应用程序。它消除了管理基础架构服务（虚拟机，操作系统，存储等）的需要。

This helps users to be more efficient as they don’t need to worry about resource procurement and infrastructure. Software maintenance, upgrades, bugs patching, or any of the other heavy lifting involved in running your application is taken care of by the service provider.

由于无需担心资源采购和基础架构，这可以帮助用户提高效率。服务提供商会负责软件维护，升级，错误修补或运行应用程序所涉及的其他繁重工作。

Froce.com is one of the best examples of the platform as a service.

Froce.com是平台即服务的最佳示例之一。

SaaS (SaaS)

SaaS is an abbreviation for “Software-as-a-Service”. It is a multi-tenant architecture where a software vendor provides a software service to their clients as a tenant. In SaaS offering a client (known as a tenant) do not have to think about the infrastructure, the platform software is running on; they mainly use the software functionality.

SaaS是“软件即服务”的缩写。它是一个多租户体系结构，其中软件供应商以租户的身份向其客户提供软件服务。在提供客户端的SaaS服务（称为租户）中，无需考虑基础架构，平台软件就在运行。他们主要使用软件功能。

Maintaining software and services is the job of SaaS provider. It is a very popular cloud service offering and has wiped out so many standalone software from the market.

维护软件和服务是SaaS提供商的工作。它是一种非常流行的云服务产品，已经淘汰了市场上的许多独立软件。

Google Docs, Salesforce is the best examples of Software as a service.

Google文档，Salesforce是“软件即服务”的最佳示例。

云计算服务提供商 (Cloud Computing Service Providers)

As I said in the introduction that “cloud computing is so popular among the providers that most of the technology companies in America seem to be selling cloud computing”.

正如我在引言中所说的那样：“云计算在提供商中如此流行，以至于美国大多数技术公司似乎都在销售云计算”。

Here is the list of top five most popular and used Cloud Computing platform:

以下是最流行和使用最多的五个云计算平台的列表：

云计算的优势 (Advantages of Cloud Computing)

We have discussed “why cloud computing?” in the section and covered a few of many advantages of cloud computing like Cost Efficient, High Availability, Unlimited storage capacity, and Backup & Recovery.

我们讨论了“为什么要使用云计算？” 在本节中，介绍了云计算的许多优势，例如成本高效，高可用性，无限的存储容量以及备份和恢复。

Let’s discuss a few more advantages:

让我们讨论更多的优点：

高度可扩展 (Highly Scalable)

Scalability is the ability of a system, network, or resources to handle a growing amount of load by adding more resources. That you can do in two ways:

可伸缩性是系统，网络或资源通过添加更多资源来处理不断增长的负载的能力。您可以通过两种方式进行操作：

Scaling Up – Involves adding more resources like RAM, Storage etc.
向上扩展–涉及添加更多资源，例如RAM，存储等。
Scaling Out – Involves adding nodes
向外扩展–涉及添加节点

Cloud computing is highly scalable; you can add and remove resources as per your need. You can spin machines in one click OR trigger inaction of an event such as CPU load is getting high.

云计算具有高度可扩展性；您可以根据需要添加和删除资源。您可以一键旋转机器，或者触发诸如CPU负载过高之类的事件的不活动状态。

几分钟即可上线 (Go live in minutes)

Cloud computing reduces the steps to go live by providing the built-in infrastructure services. For Example, You want a Linux machine to deploy your application. This can be done with the click of a button in cloud computing.

云计算通过提供内置的基础架构服务，减少了上线步骤。例如，您希望Linux机器部署您的应用程序。单击云计算中的按钮即可完成此操作。

不再花钱运营和维护数据中心 (Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers)

If you are a software services or technology provider then stop spending money in running and maintaining data centers. Cloud Computing helps you focus on your application software, customer and not on data centers.

如果您是软件服务或技术提供商，请停止在运行和维护数据中心上花钱。云计算可帮助您专注于应用软件，客户而不是数据中心。

更加有效地监控系统 (Monitor your system more efficiently)

To monitor your traditional deployments, you would need to add several software and hardware solutions.

要监视传统部署，您需要添加一些软件和硬件解决方案。

Cloud computing comes with integrated monitor capability for almost every piece of infrastructure services. You will have the flexibility to choose what kind of monitoring you want to have. And not just monitoring, it enables you to take corrective actions and create alarms to notify your choice of events.

云计算具有针对几乎每项基础架构服务的集成监控功能。您将可以灵活选择想要的监视类型。不仅仅是监视，它还使您能够采取纠正措施并创建警报以通知您所选择的事件。

云计算的缺点 (Disadvantages of Cloud Computing)

In comparison to the advantages there are very few disadvantages of cloud computing, let’s take a look:

与优点相比，云计算的缺点很少，让我们看一下：

切换供应商不容易 (Not easy to switch providers)

Choose the cloud computing platform wisely. The biggest disadvantage of using cloud computing is that you cannot switch the cloud platform easily. Because Interoperability is a challenge in cloud computing. It’s never easy to take out your application from one platform and deploy it on another. In most of the cases, it would be a fresh deployment instead of the switch.

明智地选择云计算平台。使用云计算的最大缺点是您无法轻松切换云平台。因为互操作性是云计算中的挑战。从一个平台取出应用程序并将其部署在另一个平台上从来都不是容易的。在大多数情况下，这将是全新的部署，而不是进行切换。

安全与合规 (Security and Compliances)

Though, cloud provider ensures the best possible security to the data and application. But it’s still a question that your data is accessible to anyone or not? After all, Cloud is a shared platform.

不过，云提供商可确保对数据和应用程序的最佳安全性。但是，是否有人可以访问您的数据仍然是一个问题？毕竟，云是一个共享平台。

Compliances are also a challenge on the cloud. For example, if you are deploying a healthcare application and you have to take care of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996). Which intern depends on the cloud service you use. Any violation of the compliances may bring the serious troubles for you.

合规性也是云上的挑战。例如，如果要部署医疗保健应用程序，则必须注意HIPAA（1996年《医疗保险可移植性和责任法案》）。哪个实习生取决于您使用的云服务。违反合规性可能会给您带来严重的麻烦。

Before choosing a cloud platform never forget to check the risk and compliances white paper.

选择云平台之前，请不要忘记检查风险和合规性白皮书。