计算机体系结构 哈佛结构_计算机体系结构：输入/输出处理器

计算机体系结构 哈佛结构

An input-output processor (IOP) is a processor with direct memory access capability. In this, the computer system is divided into a memory unit and number of processors.

输入输出处理器(IOP)是具有直接内存访问功能的处理器。 在此，计算机系统分为存储单元和处理器数量。

Each IOP controls and manage the input-output tasks. The IOP is similar to CPU except that it handles only the details of I/O processing. The IOP can fetch and execute its own instructions. These IOP instructions are designed to manage I/O transfers only.

每个IOP控制和管理输入输出任务。 IOP与CPU相似，只不过它只处理I / O处理的细节。 IOP可以获取并执行自己的指令。 这些IOP指令仅用于管理I / O传输。

I / O处理器的框图 (Block Diagram Of I/O Processor)

Below is a block diagram of a computer along with various I/O Processors. The memory unit occupies the central position and can communicate with each processor.

下面是计算机以及各种I / O处理器的框图。 存储单元占据中心位置，并且可以与每个处理器通信。

The CPU processes the data required for solving the computational tasks. The IOP provides a path for transfer of data between peripherals and memory. The CPU assigns the task of initiating the I/O program.

CPU处理解决计算任务所需的数据。 IOP提供了在外围设备和内存之间传输数据的路径。 CPU分配启动I / O程序的任务。

The IOP operates independent from CPU and transfer data between peripherals and memory.

IOP独立于CPU运行，并在外设和内存之间传输数据。

The communication between the IOP and the devices is similar to the program control method of transfer. And the communication with the memory is similar to the direct memory access method.

IOP与设备之间的通信类似于传输的程序控制方法。 并且与内存的通信类似于直接内存访问方法。

In large scale computers, each processor is independent of other processors and any processor can initiate the operation.

在大型计算机中，每个处理器都独立于其他处理器，任何处理器都可以启动操作。

The CPU can act as master and the IOP act as slave processor. The CPU assigns the task of initiating operations but it is the IOP, who executes the instructions, and not the CPU. CPU instructions provide operations to start an I/O transfer. The IOP asks for CPU through interrupt.

CPU可以充当主处理器，而IOP可以充当从处理器。 CPU分配启动操作的任务，但是执行指令的是IOP，而不是CPU。 CPU指令提供了开始I / O传输的操作。 IOP通过中断请求CPU。

Instructions that are read from memory by an IOP are also called commands to distinguish them from instructions that are read by CPU. Commands are prepared by programmers and are stored in memory. Command words make the program for IOP. CPU informs the IOP where to find the commands in memory.

IOP从内存中读取的指令也称为命令，以将其与CPU读取的指令区分开。 命令由程序员准备，并存储在内存中。 命令字使程序成为IOP。 CPU通知IOP在内存中的哪里找到命令。

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-architecture/input-output-processor

计算机体系结构 哈佛结构