llvm入门_什么是LLVM？ LLVM入门

llvm入门

LLVM is a project which provides a collection of a modular compiler and toolchain software and technologies. The name “LLVM” is not an acronym that is different from other IT and Opensource projects. LLVM has started a research project at the University of Illinois in order to create a compiler and tool-chain which supports both static and dynamic compilation for different programming languages. Even different programming languages like C, C++, Java, C#, Kotlin, Delphi, Rust, Ruby are supported the most popular programming languages are C and C++ for the LLVM compiler and tool-chain.

LLVM是一个项目，提供了模块化编译器以及工具链软件和技术的集合。 名称“ LLVM”不是与其他IT和开源项目不同的首字母缩写。 LLVM已在伊利诺伊大学启动了一个研究项目，目的是创建一个支持不同编程语言的静态和动态编译的编译器和工具链。 甚至支持不同的编程语言，例如C，C ++，Java，C＃，Kotlin，Delphi，Rust，Ruby，最受欢迎的编程语言是用于LLVM编译器和工具链的C和C ++。

LLVM硬件和操作系统支持 (LLVM Hardware and Operating System Support)

As an opensource project LLVM is supported in different operating systems, platforms, and hardware. LLVM can run on Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, NetBSD, MacOSX, Windows operating systems. LVVM also supports different hardware and processor architectures like x86, amd64, x86_64, PowerPC, V9, ARM. For more specific hardware and operating support take a look following table.

作为一个开源项目，LLVM在不同的操作系统，平台和硬件中受支持。 LLVM可以在Linux，Solaris，FreeBSD，NetBSD，MacOSX，Windows操作系统上运行。 LVVM还支持不同的硬件和处理器架构，例如x86，amd64，x86_64，PowerPC，V9，ARM。 有关更具体的硬件和操作支持，请查看下表。

LLVM Hardware and Operating System Support

LLVM硬件和操作系统支持

LLVM支持的编程语言(LLVM Supported Programming Languages)

As stated in the start LLVM supports a wide range of programming languages to compile and bind. Even some programming languages are not fully supported by the LLVM we will list the supported programming languages and support level and supported features.

如开头所述，LLVM支持多种编程语言进行编译和绑定。 LLVM甚至不完全支持某些编程语言，我们将列出支持的编程语言以及支持级别和支持的功能。

C and C++ are the top programming languages for the LLVM. Even LLVM is created as a dynamic compiler and toolchain C and C++ are the main targets for support. Also, LLVM is developed with C++.

C和C++是LLVM的顶级编程语言。 甚至LLVM都是作为动态编译器创建的，工具链C和C ++是支持的主要目标。 此外，LLVM是使用C ++开发的。

Objective-C is another completely supported programming language similar to the C and C++.

Objective-C是另一种完全支持的编程语言，类似于C和C ++。

LLVM体系结构和组件 (LLVM Architecture and Components)

LLVM provides a complete architecture where there are different components and pieces to complete the picture. LLVM provides Front End, Passes, and Back End. The following graphic illustrates how the LLVM works on source code and generates executables and binaries.

LLVM提供了一个完整的体系结构，其中有不同的组件和片段来完成图像。 LLVM提供前端，通道和后端。 下图说明了LLVM如何在源代码上工作以及如何生成可执行文件和二进制文件。

LLVM Components, Architecture and Compiling Steps

LLVM组件，体系结构和编译步骤

Front End will take the source code and convert it to the intermediate representation or IR . This is a preparation process for the other steps and compiler where LLVM runs properly. Front End is nor the core part of the LLVM and generally auxiliary software or a tool like Clang is used.

Front End将获取源代码并将其转换为intermediate representation或IR 。 这是LLVM正常运行的其他步骤和编译器的准备过程。 前端也不是LLVM的核心部分，通常使用辅助软件或Clang之类的工具。

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Pass or IR is the core task of the LLVM where the compilation process takes place. The IR or intermediate code will be optimized again and again with multiple phases.

Pass或IR是进行编译过程的LLVM的核心任务。 IR或中间代码将在多个阶段一次又一次地优化。

Back End is the last step where the optimized IR code will be converted into the machine code which is specific to a CPU architecture or operating system.

Back End是将优化的IR代码转换为特定于CPU体系结构或操作系统的机器代码的最后一步。

Below we will list some important tools and components of the LLVM.

下面我们将列出LLVM的一些重要工具和组件。

Clang is the compiler created for the LLVM specifically. Clang can compile the IR code into the executables and binaries. Also, Clang is almost 3 times faster than the GCC compiler.

Clang是专门为LLVM创建的编译器。 Clang可以将IR代码编译为可执行文件和二进制文件。 而且，Clang比GCC编译器快将近3倍。

LLDB is the debugger created for the LLVM project. LLDB is more faster and efficient than GDB and tightly integrated with the LLVM core and Clang.

LLDB是为LLVM项目创建的调试器。 LLDB比GDB更快，更高效，并且与LLVM内核和Clang紧密集成。

libc++ and libc++ ABI are C++ standard library implementations.

libc++和libc++ ABI是C ++标准库的实现。

compiler-rt is a dynamic testing utility for low-level code. It can be used to run and text the low-level code in real-time.

compiler-rt是用于低级代码的动态测试实用程序。 它可以用于实时运行和编写低级代码。

LLVM Core is the core component for the LLVM where core libraries provide optimizer and code generation support for different CPU and hardware architectures.

LLVM Core是LLVM Core的核心组件，其中的核心库为不同的CPU和硬件体系结构提供了优化器和代码生成支持。

LLVM与GCC (LLVM vs GCC)

Gnu Compiler Collection or GCC is another popular and widely used opensource compiler project. Before the LLVM emerged the GCC was a defacto compiler for different for open source world. With the LLVM things started to change and with its advantages LLVM became popular too. Below we will compare the LLVM and GCC from different points of view.

Gnu Compiler Collection或GCC是另一个流行且广泛使用的开源编译器项目。 在LLVM出现之前，GCC是事实上的编译器，适用于不同的开源世界。 随着LLVM的发生，事物开始发生变化，而LLVM的优势也开始流行。 下面我们将从不同的角度比较LLVM和GCC。

• GCC supports more traditional programming languages like Ada, Fortran, and Go than LLVM.
  与LLVM相比，GCC支持更多的传统编程语言，例如Ada，Fortran和Go。
• GCC supports more hardware and CPU architectures like RISC-V than LLVM.
  与LLVM相比，GCC支持更多的硬件和CPU架构，例如RISC-V。
• GCC supports more language extensions and assembly language features then LLVM.
  与LLVM相比，GCC支持更多的语言扩展和汇编语言功能。
• LLVM is used by emerging languages like Swift, Rust, Julia, and Ruby then GCC.
  Swift，Rust，Julia和Ruby，然后是GCC等新兴语言都使用LLVM。
• LLVM complies with the C and C++ programming languages more strictly than GCC.
  LLVM比GCC更严格地遵循C和C ++编程语言。
• LLVM provides more accurate and friendly diagnostics information than GCC.
  LLVM比GCC提供更准确，更友好的诊断信息。

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安装LLVM(Install LLVM )

LLVM can be installed on Linux and Ubuntu operating systems like below. We will provide the package names llvm-10 and llvm-10-tools in order to install LLVM version 10 core libraries and tools.

LLVM可以安装在如下所示Linux和Ubuntu操作系统上。 我们将提供软件包名称llvm-10和llvm-10-tools ，以安装LLVM版本10核心库和工具。

$ sudo apt install llvm-10 llvm-10-tools clang

Install LLVM

安装LLVM

LLVM入门 (Getting Started with LLVM)

We have installed required packages named llvm-10, llvm-10-tools, and clang. Now we will compile a simple hello world example with the LLVM as getting started example. The hello world application source code is provided below.

我们已经安装了名为llvm-10，llvm-10-tools和clang的必需软件包。 现在，我们将以LLVM作为入门示例来编译一个简单的hello world示例。 下面提供了hello world应用程序源代码。

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
   printf("Hello World From Poftut.com via LLVM");

   return 0;

}

We will compile and create the executable named hello_world with the clang command like below. The LLVM will be executed by the clang command under the hood.

我们将使用如下clang命令编译并创建名为hello_world的可执行文件。 LLVM将在后台通过clang命令执行。

$ clang hello_world.c -o hello_world

The newly created hello_world executable can be run from the console or bash command line like below.

新创建的hello_world可执行文件可以从控制台或bash命令行运行，如下所示。

$ ./hello_world

翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-llvm-getting-started-with-llvm/

llvm入门