什么是IP地址（Internet协议地址）？

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-12 17:59:20 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-12-12 17:59:20 发布

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原文链接：https://www.poftut.com/ip-address-internet-protocol-address/

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In computer networks we need to give each host or system a unique number and/or name. This is the only way to make communication possible. In other ways there will be a lot of problems like collusion or miss interpretation. Most of the system uses IP addresses to communication over computer or IT networks. In this tutorial we will try to answer the question “What is IP address?” and details about IP address.

在计算机网络中，我们需要给每个主机或系统一个唯一的编号和/或名称。这是使交流成为可能的唯一方法。在其他方面，将存在很多问题，例如合谋或误解。大多数系统使用IP地址通过计算机或IT网络进行通信。在本教程中，我们将尝试回答“什么是IP地址？”问题。以及有关IP地址的详细信息。

互联网协议或IP (Internet Protocol or IP)

TCP/IP is the most popular protocol suit that creates complete Computer networks to provide communication between hosts. There are other protocols which completes the whole picture of the end to end communication. IP is the main part of the end to end communication. IP stands for Internet Protocol and designed to provide communication between remote systems over the world. IP uses packet switching to transmit packets to the destination hosts throughout intermediate systems.

TCP / IP是最流行的协议套件，可创建完整的计算机网络以提供主机之间的通信。还有其他协议可以完善端到端通信的整个过程。 IP是端到端通信的主要部分。 IP代表Internet协议，旨在提供世界各地远程系统之间的通信。 IP使用数据包交换将数据包传输到整个中间系统中的目标主机。

IP地址 (IP Address)

IP Address is used to uniquely identify systems in a network. IP Addresses are used in hierarchical manner which makes packet switching possible, easy and fast. A group of hosts connected together generally creates a network. This network will have a address and hosts will have addresses too which is allocated from given network. Following lines shows some IP addressing example

IP地址用于唯一标识网络中的系统。 IP地址以分层方式使用，这使得可以轻松，快速地进行数据包交换。一组连接在一起的主机通常会创建一个网络。该网络将有一个地址，主机也将有从给定网络分配的地址。以下几行显示了一些IP寻址示例

Network Address Range

网络地址范围

192.168.1.0-255

Host A Address

主机地址

192.168.1.10

Host B Address

主机B地址

192.168.1.11

Host C Address

主机C地址

192.168.1.12

…

IP地址范围 (IP Address Range)

IP addresses splinted into four segment A.B.C.D as we can see in previous part. Each segment number start from 0 and continue up to 255. Followings are IP addresses.

正如我们在上一部分中看到的，IP地址分为四个段ABCD。每个段号从0开始，一直到255。以下是IP地址。

1.2.3.4

10.123.45.5

We use segmented structure in order to create hierarchy. We can switch packets which destination is 1.2.3.4 by looking the 1.2.3 part of the address. Each IP address have following characteristics.

我们使用分段结构以创建层次结构。通过查看地址的1.2.3部分，我们可以交换目的地为1.2.3.4的数据包。每个IP地址都有以下特征。

Consist of 64 bit = 8 byte = 4 octet
由64位= 8字节= 4个字节组成
Numeric only
仅数字
Each octet range is from 0 to 255
每个八位位组的范围是从0到255

LEARN MORE What Is TCP/IP Model?

了解更多什么是TCP / IP模型？

IP地址版本 (IP Address Versions)

We do not talk about IP Address versions. There is two versions those called version 4 and version 6 . We also express them as IPv4 and IPv6 . IPv4 is old addressing protocol and schema but mainly used everywhere. IPv6 provides some new mechanism but not penetrated into networks as expected. Simply if someone says IP address most probably he talks about IPv4

我们不谈论IP地址版本。有两个版本，分别称为version 4和version 6 。我们还将它们表示为IPv4和IPv6 。 IPv4是旧的寻址协议和架构，但主要用于任何地方。 IPv6提供了一些新机制，但并未像预期的那样渗透到网络中。只是如果有人说IP地址最有可能他在谈论IPv4

IPv6 (IPv6)

Here are some features about IPv6

以下是有关IPv6的一些功能

Consist of 128 bit
由128位组成
Expressed with hexadecimals
用十六进制表示
A lot of IP address which will enough for everyone
很多IP地址足以满足每个人

专用IP地址(Private IP Addresses)

Most of the IP addresses are used in the internet. But some of them are and can not be used in the internet. We call these IP addresses as Private IP addresses. We need private IP addresses because IP address count is not enough for every host so we have to reuse them with congestion. Private IP addresses are used in home and private networks without interfering with other networks. Home modem users also uses Private IP addresses which is the same for the most of the home networks. Here the list of Private IP Addresses

大多数IP地址都在Internet中使用。但是其中一些已经并且不能在互联网上使用。我们称这些IP地址为私有IP地址。我们需要专用IP地址，因为IP地址数量不足以容纳每个主机，因此我们不得不在拥塞的情况下重用它们。专用IP地址用于家庭和专用网络中，而不会干扰其他网络。家庭调制解调器用户还使用专用IP地址，该地址对于大多数家庭网络都是相同的。这是私有IP地址列表

From 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
从192.168.0.0到192.168.255.255
From 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
从10.0.0.0到10.255.255.255
From 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
从172.16.0.0到172.31.255.255

公用IP地址 (Public IP Addresses)

Public addresses are used in the internet space. Public addresses are all IP address range other than private and some specially IP addresses. Public IP addresses should be uniquely used in the internet. So IP address like 8.8.8.8 will only used by a single host on the internet.

公共地址用于Internet空间。公用地址是除私有和某些特殊IP地址以外的所有IP地址范围。公用IP地址应在Internet中唯一使用。因此，像8.8.8.8这样的IP地址将仅由Internet上的单个主机使用。