什么是ROM（只读存储器）？

ROM stands or Read Only Memory. Memory is a component where we store information about the system. Read Only means we can only read information or data from memory and cannot change and write to the memory. Read Only Memory is especially useful when we only need some data to start a system or run simple tasks.

ROM支架或只读存储器。 内存是我们存储有关系统信息的组件。 只读意味着我们只能从内存中读取信息或数据，而不能更改和写入内存。 当我们仅需要一些数据来启动系统或运行简单任务时，只读内存特别有用。

Read Only Memory

只读内存

ROM类型(ROM Types)

As ROM usage is very popular in computers, laptops, PCs, servers, smartphones, printers, and other types of electrical devices different types of ROMs are developed according to needs. Here a list of ROM types.

由于ROM在计算机，笔记本电脑，PC，服务器，智能手机，打印机和其他类型的电气设备中非常流行，因此根据需要开发了不同类型的ROM。 这里列出了ROM类型。

• Masked Read Only Memory (MROM)
  屏蔽的只读内存(MROM)
• Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)
  可编程只读存储器(PROM)
• Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM)
  可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)
• Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
  电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)

MROM –屏蔽的只读存储器 (MROM – Masked Read Only Memory)

The early ROM type was hard-wired devices with a pre-programmed set of data and instruction. These are named as Masked ROM and these are inexpensive according to other types of ROM’s.

早期的ROM类型是带有预编程数据和指令集的硬连线设备。 这些被称为Masked ROM，根据其他类型的ROM，它们价格不贵。

PROM –可编程只读存储器 (PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory)

Programmable ROM can be programmed only once by the user. The user buys a PROM which is empty or not programmed. This PROM will than accept a program for a single time and we can not add extra after the first programming. PROM is also not erasable.

可编程ROM只能由用户编程一次。 用户购买的是空的或未编程的PROM。 此PROM将只接受一次程序，并且在第一次编程后我们不能添加其他内容。 PROM也不可擦除。

EPROM –可擦可编程只读存储器 (EPROM – Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory)

Erasable and Programmable ROM as its name suggests erases and program the ROM over and over again. Read-Only Memory name made you confusing but EPROM can be erased and programmed multiple times. Erase can be done by putting EPROM to the ultra-violet light for 40 minutes. During programming an electrical charge and programmed is used with the insulated gate region. This charge retains more than 10 years which means after 10 year EPROM program will be deleted naturally.

顾名思义，可擦除和可编程ROM反复擦除和编程ROM。 只读存储器名称使您感到困惑，但是EPROM可以被擦除和编程多次。 可以通过将EPROM置于紫外线下40分钟来进行擦除。 在编程过程中，绝缘栅区使用电荷进行编程。 该费用将保留10年以上，这意味着10年后EPROM程序将自然删除。

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EEPROM –电可擦可编程只读存储器 (EEPROM – Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory)

Electrically Erasable and Programmable ROM is named as EEPROM. EEPROM is similar to the EPROM where EEPROM is an enhanced version. EEPROM can be erased and reprogrammed about a thousand times. Erasing and deleting EEPROM will take 40 milliseconds. But programming an EEPROM will take slower than erasing it.

电可擦可编程ROM被称为EEPROM。 EEPROM类似于EPROM，其中EEPROM是增强版本。 EEPROM可以擦除和重新编程约一千次。 擦除和删除EEPROM将需要40毫秒。 但是对EEPROM进行编程要比擦除它要慢。

ROM的优势 (ROM Advantages)

ROM provides some advantages over other types of memories like Read-Only Access Memory (RAM) etc. Here we will list the most popular of them.

与其他类型的存储器(如只读访问存储器(RAM)等)相比，ROM具有一些优势。在这里，我们将列出其中最流行的存储器。

• Non-volatile
  非易失性
• Can not be changed accidentally
  不能意外更改
• Cheaper and inexpensive
  便宜又便宜
• Easy to use
  易于使用
• More reliable
  更可靠
• Do not require electricity over boots and restarts
  不需要靴子通电并重启
• Contents always are known and checked
  内容总是已知并已检查

ROM的缺点(ROM Disadvantages)

As ROM’s has some advantages there are also some disadvantages of the ROM’s.

由于ROM具有一些优点，所以ROM也具有一些缺点。

• Changing contents requires special action
  更改内容需要采取特殊措施
• Little storage sizes like 16 Mb, 32 MB
  较小的存​​储大小，例如16 Mb，32 MB
• Requires ultra-violet or electric for delete operation
  需要紫外线或电才能进行删除操作
• Requires electric for programming
  需要电才能进行编程

内存与ROM(RAM vs ROM)

Generally, RAM and ROM are compared with each other. Here are some of the differences between RAM and ROM

通常，RAM和ROM相互比较。 这是RAM和ROM之间的一些区别

• RAM provides volatility where ROM is static
  RAM在ROM静态的情况下提供了波动性
• RAM storage sizes are higher then ROM storage sizes
  RAM存储空间大于ROM存储空间
• RAM is pricy then ROM
  RAM优先，然后ROM
• RAM used as the main memory for computers where ROM is used for the only bootstrap
  RAM用作计算机的主内存，其中ROM仅用作引导程序
• RAM requires nonstop electric to store data where ROM can store data without electric
  RAM需要不间断的电存储数据，而ROM可以不带电地存储数据

翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-rom-read-only-memory/