什么是网络浏览器？

Web Browser is a software that is used to browse or surf web pages. Web Browsers generally used on internet web pages. Web Browser also called Browser, Internet Browser. World Wide Web or WWW is the main area Web Browsers operate. Web browsers can navigate web pages as well as different protocols and services like FTP servers or even open PDF documents which are generally provided via web pages.

Web浏览器是用于浏览或浏览网页的软件。 Web浏览器通常在Internet网页上使用。 Web浏览器也称为浏览器，Internet浏览器。 万维网或WWW是Web浏览器操作的主要区域。 Web浏览器可以浏览网页以及不同的协议和服务(例如FTP服务器)，甚至可以打开通常通过网页提供的PDF文档。

网络浏览器历史记录 (Web Browser History)

Web browser history starts in the near feature where the World Wide Web or simply Web is invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990. Web inventions created the need for the browser to browse, navigate, or surf the Web. The first browser called the World Wide Web is also created by Tim Berners-Lee where its name changed to Nexus later. The first popular graphical Web browser was created with the name of NCSA Mosaicin 1993.  Two NCSA/University of Illinois named Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina created NCSA Mosaic and supported till the start of 1997. Then browsers like Netscape, Internet Explorer arrived in the market where they are dominated for a while.

Web浏览器的历史始于1990年由Tim Berners-Lee发明万维网或简单的Web的邻近功能。Web发明创造了对浏览器浏览，浏览或浏览Web的需求。 蒂姆·伯纳斯·李(Tim Berners-Lee)也创建了第一个称为“万维网”的浏览器，后来其名称改为Nexus 。 1993年创建了第一个流行的图形Web浏览器，名称为NCSA Mosaic 。伊利诺伊州的两个NCSA / University大学名为Marc Andreessen和Eric Bina创建了NCSA Mosaic，并一直支持到1997年初。随后，诸如Netscape，Internet Explorer的浏览器出现在了市场占据主导地位一段时间。

Web浏览器的流行和使用情况统计 (Web Browsers Popularity and Usage Statistics)

For the history of the browsers which are about 30 years, the popularity of the browsers changed a lot. In the start, Netscape was very popular and then Internet Explorer gained a lot of users. Netscape changed to the Mozilla which is an open-source company and gets the leadership of browsers. But in recent times like the last 8 years, the trend is very similar. Google created Chrome which is faster, innovative, integrated. Google Chrome is the most popular browser and has a percentage of 80% for the market. Its competitors can not even close to him like Edge/Internet Explorer with 3.6%, Firefox 9.5%, Safari3.3%, and Opera 1.7%. We can see in the graph that Google Chrome also gain more users day by day for the last months.

对于大约30年的浏览器历史，浏览器的流行程度发生了很大变化。 最初，Netscape非常流行，然后Internet Explorer吸引了很多用户。 Netscape更改为Mozilla，后者是一家开源公司，并且在浏览器领域处于领导地位。 但是在最近的过去8年中，趋势非常相似。 Google创建了更快，创新且集成的Chrome。 谷歌浏览器是最受欢迎的浏览器，在市场上所占比例为80％。 它的竞争对手甚至无法与他接近，例如Edge / Internet Explorer(3.6％)，Firefox(9.5％)，Safari3.3％和Opera(1.7％)。 从图表中我们可以看到，在过去的几个月中，Chrome浏览器也每天都在吸引更多用户。

Web Browsers Popularity

网络浏览器的受欢迎程度

流行的Internet浏览器列表(Popular Internet Browser List)

There are a lot of browsers in the market even they are not soo popular. They provide different and unique features to users like more privacy, speed, ad blocking, etc. Here we will list some of them for different platforms and operating systems like Windows, Linux, MacOSX, Android, iOS.

市场上有很多浏览器，即使它们不太流行。 它们为用户提供了不同而独特的功能，例如更多的隐私，速度，广告拦截等。在这里，我们将列出其中一些针对不同平台和操作系统(例如Windows，Linux，MacOSX，Android，iOS)的功能。

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Windows浏览器(Windows Browsers)

• Google Chrome
  谷歌浏览器
• Mozilla Firefox
  火狐浏览器
• Microsoft Edge
  微软Edge
• Opera
  歌剧
• Vivaldi
  维瓦尔第
• Torch
  火炬
• Maxthon
  傲游
• Brave
  勇敢

Linux浏览器(Linux Browsers)

• Google Chrome
  谷歌浏览器
• Mozilla Firefox
  火狐浏览器
• Opera
  歌剧
• Vivaldi
  维瓦尔第
• Brave
  勇敢

MacOS浏览器(MacOS Browsers)

• Safari
  苹果浏览器
• Google Chrome
  谷歌浏览器
• Mozilla Firefox
  火狐浏览器
• Opera
  歌剧
• Vivaldi
  维瓦尔第
• Maxthon
  傲游
• Brave
  勇敢

Android浏览器(Android Browsers)

• Google Chrome
  谷歌浏览器
• Mozilla Firefox
  火狐浏览器
• Microsoft Edge
  微软Edge
• Opera
  歌剧
• Maxthon
  傲游

Web浏览器协议和技术(Web Browser Protocols and Technologies)

World Wide Web consisting of different types of protocols and technologies where Web Browsers are used to consume these technologies and protocols. Here we will list popular protocols and technologies Web browsers generally deal with.

由不同类型的协议和技术组成的万维网，其中使用Web浏览器来使用这些技术和协议。 在这里，我们将列出Web浏览器通常处理的流行协议和技术。

• HTTP is the communication protocol for a browser with the server in order to get content in different formats like HTML, Javascript, CSS, Image, etc.

  HTTP是浏览器与服务器的通信协议，用于获取HTML，JavaScript，CSS，图像等不同格式的内容。

• HTTPS is the secure version of the HTTP where it encrypts the traffic between the web browser and server.

  HTTPS是HTTP的安全版本，它在其中加密Web浏览器和服务器之间的通信。

• www is not a protocol or technology but generally used in domains in order to specify the webserver like www.poftut.com which means web server for poftut can be accessed from the www.poftut.com server or host.

  www不是协议或技术，而是通常用于域中以指定类似于www.poftut.com网络服务器，这意味着可以从www.poftut.com服务器或主机访问用于poftut的网络服务器。

• HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is a markup or scripting language used to create web pages like this page. HTML is interpreted and displayed by the browser. It provides different options like images, tables, animations, text sizes, etc.

  HTML或Hypertext Markup Language是一种用于创建此类页面的标记或脚本语言。 HTML由浏览器解释和显示。 它提供了不同的选项，例如图像，表格，动画，文本大小等。

• JavaScript is a scripting language that runs on the browser and used to put some dynamism to the HTML page for user interaction like click, send, input, animate, etc.

  JavaScript是一种脚本语言，可在浏览器上运行，用于对HTML页面进行一些动态处理，以实现诸如单击，发送，输入，动画等用户交互。

• FTP is a file transfer protocol that is supported by browsers to download files from FTP servers.

  FTP是一种文件传输协议，浏览器支持该协议从FTP服务器下载文件。

• CSS is a styling configuration used to create visual elements and elegance for the HTML elements in a web browser

  CSS是一种样式配置，用于在网络浏览器中为HTML元素创建视觉元素和外观

• URL or Uniform Resource Identifier is used to specify the web page or web resource location like hostname, path, and file name. “https://www.poftut.com/what-is-linux” is an URL that specifies a post on the domain named poftut.com.

  URL或Uniform Resource Identifier用于指定网页或Web资源位置，例如主机名，路径和文件名。 “ https://www.poftut.com/what-is-linux”是一个URL，用于指定域名为poftut.com的帖子。

• Cookies are created by web sites via browsers to store and track information about the user. Cookies are stored on the client browser cache and contain text-based information about the user history and authentication.

  网站通过浏览器创建Cookies ，以存储和跟踪有关用户的信息。 Cookies存储在客户端浏览器缓存中，并包含有关用户历史记录和身份验证的基于文本的信息。

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Web浏览器GUI和部件 (Web Browser GUI and Parts)

Web browsers provides very simple graphical user interface and most of the case the GUI is very similar to the eachother. Also web browsers borrows best features and GUI design from eachother which makes most of the browsers very similar. Below we will explain the graphical user interface and parts of the Google Chrome web browser.

Web浏览器提供了非常简单的图形用户界面，并且在大多数情况下，GUI彼此非常相似。 另外，Web浏览器彼此借鉴了最佳功能和GUI设计，这使得大多数浏览器非常相似。 下面，我们将说明图形用户界面和Google Chrome网络浏览器的各个部分。

Web Browser GUI

Web浏览器GUI

TAB LIST contains multiple pages where every page is opened in different tab. In the old days in order to navigate different pages at the same time multiple browsers should be opened but with the creation of tab a single browser can open multiple web pages at the same time and these tabs are listed in the TAB LIST.

选项卡TAB LIST包含多个页面，其中每个页面都在不同的选项卡中打开。 在过去，为了同时导航不同的页面，应该打开多个浏览器，但是通过创建选项卡，单个浏览器可以同时打开多个网页，这些选项卡列在“ TAB LIST”中。

NAVIGATION BUTTONS exist for long time which are used to take action about the current tab. NAVIGATION BUTTONS consist of BACK, FORWARD, STOP and HOME buttons. HOME button is optional but can be added by setting the home page of the browser. BACK buttonwill go back to the previous URLs or web pages. FORWARD will navigate reverse of the BACK button. STOP button will stop current operation which is generally loading a web page.

NAVIGATION BUTTONS存在很长时间，用于对当前选项卡采取措施。 导航按钮由“ BACK”，“ FORWARD”，“ STOP”和“ HOME”按钮组成。 HOME按钮是可选的，但可以通过设置浏览器的主页来添加。 BACK按钮将返回到先前的URL或网页。 FORWARD将向后导航BACK按钮。 STOP按钮将停止当前正在加载网页的当前操作。

ADDRESS BAR will show the current web site and page URL or address in a more elegant and readable way. ADDRESS bar also provides information like the web site or domain name HTTPS status and certificate.

ADDRESS BAR栏将以更优雅和易读的方式显示当前网站和页面的URL或地址。 地址栏还提供网站或域名HTTPS状态和证书之类的信息。

PLUGIN and CONFIG provides list of plugins installed and browser configuration menu access.

PLUGIN and CONFIG提供了已安装插件列表和浏览器配置菜单访问。

WEB PAGE CONTENT is the biggest part of a web browser where the web page is displayed with the JavaScript, HTML Code, CSS, Image, Video, etc. content.

WEB PAGE CONTENT是Web浏览器的最大部分，其中显示的页面包含JavaScript，HTML代码，CSS，图像，视频等内容。

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WINDOW ACTION part contains buttons to close, minimize, fullscreen.

WINDOW ACTION部分包含关闭，最小化，全屏显示的按钮。

翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-a-web-browser/