本文提供了一步一步的CentOS 8安装教程，包括从何处下载ISO映像，如何刻录到安装媒体，以及详细安装过程。CentOS 8引入了重大变化，如基于dnf的yum，Python 3.6作为默认版本，增加了Node.js，PHP 7.2，Ruby 2.5等。安装完成后，建议使用Yum更新过时的软件包，并安装Vmware或VirtualBox VM工具以优化虚拟机体验。
centos系统下载和安装
CentOS project released the CentOS version 8 on 25 September 2019. We can download and install CentOS 8 in different ways. In this tutorial, we will download the CentOS DVD and install it. This installation tutorial can be also used for CentOS 6, CentOS 7 and upwards versions.
CentOS项目于2019年9月25日发布了CentOS版本8。我们可以以不同的方式下载和安装CentOS 8。 在本教程中，我们将下载CentOS DVD并进行安装。 该安装教程也可用于CentOS 6，CentOS 7及更高版本。
CentOS 8有什么变化？ (What Changes with CentOS 8?)
There are some major changes which can affect the use of CentOS. Here we will list them.
有一些重大变化会影响CentOS的使用。 在这里，我们将列出它们。
- `yum` package manager is now based `dnf`. `yum`软件包管理器现在基于`dnf`。
- Version control systems provided with Git 2.18, Mercurial 4.8 and Subversion 1.10 Git 2.18，Mercurial 4.8和Subversion 1.10随附的版本控制系统
- Python 3 or Python 3.6 is the default version where some limited support is provided for Python 2.7. By default, no version of Python is installed. Python 3或Python 3.6是默认版本，其中对Python 2.7提供了一些有限的支持。 默认情况下，未安装任何版本的Python。
- `Node.js` is added to the CentOS 8. Also PHP 7.2, Ruby 2.5, Perl 5.26 is available. 将Node.js添加到CentOS8。还提供PHP 7.2，Ruby 2.5，Perl 5.26。
- Database servers MariaDB 10.3, MySQL 8.0, PostgreSQL 10 and Redis 5 is provided 提供了数据库服务器MariaDB 10.3，MySQL 8.0，PostgreSQL 10和Redis 5
- Webservers Apache 2.4 and Nginx 1.14 is provided 提供了Web服务器Apache 2.4和Nginx 1.14
- GNOME Desktop is provided as 3.28 version and Wayland display server is by default GNOME桌面作为3.28版本提供，并且Wayland显示服务器默认为
下载CentOS ISO(Download CentOS ISO)
We can download the CentOS ISO image from the following URLs. We can download the ISO image directly from the server or using the torrent file. In this case, we will download the ISO image directly.
我们可以从以下网址下载CentOS ISO映像。 我们可以直接从服务器或使用torrent文件下载ISO映像。 在这种情况下，我们将直接下载ISO映像。
http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/8/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8-x86_64-1905-dvd1.iso
http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/8/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8-x86_64-1905-dvd1.iso
http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/8/isos/x86_64/
http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/8/isos/x86_64/
The CentOS-8-x86_64-1905-dvd1.iso image size is about 6.6 GB which is very huge.
CentOS-8-x86_64-1905-dvd1.iso映像大小约为6.6 GB，这非常大。
将CentOS 8 ISO映像刻录到CD，USB，闪存盘 (Burn The CentOS 8 ISO Image To CD, USB, Flashdisk)
In order to install into a physical system, computer or laptop we need to use some installation media which contains CentOS 8. We can use following tutorial to create CentOS 8 installation media with the downloaded CentOS 8 ISO image.
为了安装到物理系统，计算机或笔记本电脑中，我们需要使用一些包含CentOS 8的安装介质。我们可以使用以下教程使用下载的CentOS 8 ISO映像创建CentOS 8安装介质。
How To Create Bootable USB/Flash Drive with Rufus For Any OS Like Ubuntu, Windows,…?
如何使用Rufus为Ubuntu，Windows等任何操作系统创建可启动的USB /闪存驱动器？
How To Create Bootable Ubuntu Installation USB/Flash Disk with Rufus On Windows?
如何在Windows上使用Rufus创建可启动的Ubuntu安装USB /闪存盘？
开始安装CentOS 8 (Start CentOS 8 Installation)
When we start the system with the CentOS 8 iso mounted we will see the following startup screen. In this screen simply we will select Install CentOS Linux which will start the installation process.
当我们在安装了CentOS 8 iso的情况下启动系统时，将看到以下启动屏幕。 在此屏幕上，我们仅选择Install CentOS Linux ，它将开始安装过程。
During boot we can see a dark screen or a screen like below we just need to wait for the Welcome CentOS screen.
在启动过程中，我们可以看到黑屏或类似下面的屏幕，我们只需要等待Welcome CentOS屏幕。
In the following screen we will select the Installation Language. By default English is provided as Installation language.
在以下屏幕中，我们将选择Installation Language 。 默认情况下，英语为安装语言。
The following Installation Summary screen provides the complete configuration about the CentOS 8 Installation.
以下“ Installation Summary屏幕提供了有关CentOS 8安装的完整配置。
- `Keyboard` configuration is used to set the keyboard layout “ Keyboard”配置用于设置键盘布局
- `Language Support` configuration is used to set system language语言支持配置用于设置系统语言
- `Time&Date` configuration is used to set date and time with time zone configuration`Time＆Date`配置用于通过时区配置设置日期和时间
- `Installation Source` configuration is used to set installation media which is DVD for this case but also network and internet can be used“安装源”配置用于设置安装介质，在这种情况下，安装介质为DVD，但也可以使用网络和Internet
- `Software Selection` configuration is used to set installed software, desktop environment and packages “软件选择”配置用于设置已安装的软件，桌面环境和软件包
- `Installation Destination` configuration is used to set the disk configuration like LVM, root partition etc“安装目标”配置用于设置磁盘配置，例如LVM，根分区等
- `KDUM` configuration`KDUM`配置
- `Network & Host Name` configuration is used to set the IP address, hostname and network-related configuration.“网络和主机名”配置用于设置IP地址，主机名和与网络相关的配置。
- `Security Policy` is used to set some security policy from the network. “安全策略”用于从网络设置一些安全策略。
By default, English keyboard layout is provided but we can change it from Keyboard configuration. We can add new layout with the plus sign and remove selected existing layout with the minus sign. We can also test the selected layout with the text box on the right side.
默认情况下，提供英文键盘布局，但是我们可以从“ Keyboard配置”中更改它。 我们可以使用加号添加新的布局，并使用减号删除选定的现有布局。 我们还可以使用右侧的文本框测试所选的布局。
We can change the system language from the Language support. By default, English is provided.
我们可以从“ Language支持中更改系统语言。 默认情况下，提供英语。
We can change the system time, date and time zone from Time&Date configuration. We can use the map to select the location which is Istanbul in this case. We can also use Region and City options to select.
我们可以从Time&Date配置更改系统时间，日期和时区。 在这种情况下，我们可以使用地图选择Istanbul的位置。 我们还可以使用“ Region和“ City选项进行选择。
We can change the installation source but this is generally not required.
我们可以更改安装源，但这通常不是必需的。
In the Software Selection we can select the software, packages or desktop environment we want to install CentOS 8 and use. By default Server with GUI base environment selected with no Add-ons.
在Software Selection我们可以选择要安装CentOS 8并使用的软件，软件包或桌面环境。 默认情况下Server with GUI选择Server with GUI基本环境且没有附加组件的服务器。
Installation Destination configuration is used to select and configure the disk we want to install. The default configuration, in this case, is single disk which will be configured automatically.
Installation Destination配置用于选择和配置我们要安装的磁盘。 在这种情况下，默认配置是将自动配置的单个磁盘。
Network& Host Name is used to configure the IP address, Hostname, and network configuration. We need to make the interface On which is ens160 in this case. We can also set the Hostname from below the screen which is centos8.poftut.com in this case.
Network& Host Name Network& Host Name用于配置IP地址，主机名和网络配置。 我们需要使界面On这ens160在这种情况下。 在这种情况下，我们还可以从屏幕下方设置主机名，该主机名为centos8.poftut.com 。
We can also load a security policy from the network location bt providing its URL.
我们还可以从提供其URL的网络位置bt加载安全策略。
Now we will click to the Begin Installation and the installation process will start. During the installation we have to configure the Root Password and User from the following screen.
现在，我们将单击“ Begin Installation ，安装过程将开始。 在安装过程中，我们必须在以下屏幕上配置Root Password和User 。
In the Root Password screen, we will set the root user password. If the provided password is weak from the security point of view a Weak message is provided. When we provide a secure password we will see a green Strong message like below. Also, we have to provide the Root Password to the Confirm text box to prevent mistyping.
在“ Root Password屏幕中，我们将设置root用户密码。 如果从安全角度来看，提供的密码较弱，则会提供Weak消息。 提供安全密码后，我们将看到绿色的“ Strong消息，如下所示。 另外，我们必须在“ Confirm文本框中提供“ root密码”，以防止错误输入。
The new step is creating a user from the Create User. We will see the following screen. We will provide the following configuration.
新的步骤是从Create User 。 我们将看到以下屏幕。 我们将提供以下配置。
- `Full name` is the full name with first and surname of the user which is `İsmail Baydan` in this case. “全名”是用户的名字全名，在此情况下为“İsmailBaydan”。
- `User name` is the system-level user name which will be used for login, authentication and system-related operations. We will set `ismail` in this example. “用户名”是系统级用户名，将用于登录，身份验证和与系统相关的操作。 在此示例中，我们将设置“ ismail”。
- `Make this user administrator` will give admin, root, sudo privileges to this user “让此用户成为管理员”将授予该用户admin，root，sudo特权
- `Requires a password to use this account` will requires a password for this account“需要密码才能使用此帐户”将为此帐户要求一个密码
- `Password` is the password for this user and which is strong“密码”是该用户的密码，该密码很安全
- `Confirm password` will confirm password`确认密码`将确认密码
When the installation is complete without any problem we will see the following screen. We can just click to the Reboot to restart and boot freshly installed CentOS 8 system.
安装完成后，没有任何问题，我们将看到以下屏幕。 我们只需单击Reboot即可重新启动并引导新安装的CentOS 8系统。
首次启动CentOS 8(First Time Boot CentOS 8)
When we first start the CentOS 8 we will see the following Initial Setup screen. We will just need to open the License Information screen.
首次启动CentOS 8时，我们将看到以下“ Initial Setup屏幕。 我们只需要打开“ License Information屏幕。
We will click to the I accept the license aggrement and then click to the Done in order to accept the license agreement.
我们将单击“ I accept the license aggrement ，然后单击“ Done以接受许可协议。
In the following screen just click to the Finish Configuration.
在下面的屏幕中，单击“ Finish Configuration 。
We can see the following Login screen for the CentOS 8 operating system. We can see the created user named İsmail Baydan.
我们可以看到以下CentOS 8操作系统的“登录”屏幕。 我们可以看到创建的用户名为İsmail Baydan 。
In the first start, we will be asked some question which has been already configured in the CentOS 8 installation phase. In the following screen, we can select the GNOME GUI language which is English.
首先，我们将被问到一些在CentOS 8安装阶段已经配置的问题。 在以下屏幕中，我们可以选择英语的GNOME GUI语言。
In the following screen, we will select the Keyboard layout which is Turkish in this case.
在以下屏幕中，我们将选择键盘布局，在这种情况下为Turkish 。
We can also enable location services for privacy with the following screen.
我们还可以通过以下屏幕启用位置服务以保护隐私。
If we have Google, NExtclodu, Microsoft, Facebook accounts we can log in and connect them to the Gnome with the following screen.
如果我们拥有Google，NExtclodu，Microsoft，Facebook帐户，则可以通过以下屏幕登录并将其连接到Gnome。
Here is the last step to use CentOS 8. There is no action just click to the Start Using CentOS Linux.
这是使用CentOS 8的最后一步。单击“ Start Using CentOS Linux并没有任何动作。
用Yum更新过时的软件包 (Update Outdated Packages with Yum)
After installing from a DVD there may be some outdated packages which are installed. We can update these packages with the following command from the command line.
从DVD安装后，可能会安装一些过时的软件包。 我们可以从命令行使用以下命令更新这些软件包。
$ sudo yum update
安装Vmware，VirtualBox VM工具(Install Vmware, VirtualBox VM Tools)
If we are installing the CentOS 8 to a VM like VMWare, VirtualBox, Qemu or KVM installing the open-vm-tolls make our life easier. Open VM Tools will integrate the CentOs 8 with the virtualization software and make it faster, efficient and easier.
如果我们将CentOS 8安装到VMWare，VirtualBox，Qemu或KVM之类的VM，则安装open-vm-tolls会让我们的生活更轻松。 Open VM Tools将把CentOs 8与虚拟化软件集成在一起，使其变得更快，更高效，更容易。
$ sudo yum install open-vm-tools
翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/how-to-download-and-install-centos-8/
centos系统下载和安装
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