Python深度基础机器学习

Python深度基础机器学习 (Python Deep Basic Machine Learning)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is any code, algorithm or technique that enables a computer to mimic human cognitive behaviour or intelligence. Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that uses statistical methods to enable machines to learn and improve with experience. Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning, which makes the computation of multi-layer neural networks feasible. Machine Learning is seen as shallow learning while Deep Learning is seen as hierarchical learning with abstraction.

人工智能(AI)是使计算机能够模仿人类认知行为或智力的任何代码，算法或技术。 机器学习(ML)是AI的子集，它使用统计方法来使机器学习并根据经验进行改进。 深度学习是机器学习的一个子集，它使多层神经网络的计算变得可行。 机器学习被视为浅层学习，而深度学习被视为具有抽象的分层学习。

Machine learning deals with a wide range of concepts. The concepts are listed below −

机器学习涉及各种各样的概念。 概念在下面列出-

• supervised
  监督的
• unsupervised
  无监督
• reinforcement learning
  强化学习
• linear regression
  线性回归
• cost functions
  成本函数
• overfitting
  过度拟合
• under-fitting
  不合身
• hyper-parameter, etc.
  超参数等

In supervised learning, we learn to predict values from labelled data. One ML technique that helps here is classification, where target values are discrete values; for example,cats and dogs. Another technique in machine learning that could come of help is regression. Regression works onthe target values. The target values are continuous values; for example, the stock market data can be analysed using Regression.

在监督学习中，我们学习根据标记数据预测值。 分类法，其中目标值是离散值，这是帮助ML的一种技术。 例如猫和狗。 机器学习中的另一种可能会带来帮助的技术是回归。 回归适用于目标值。 目标值是连续值。 例如，可以使用回归分析股市数据。

In unsupervised learning, we make inferences from the input data that is not labelled or structured. If we have a million medical records and we have to make sense of it, find the underlying structure, outliers or detect anomalies, we use clustering technique to divide data into broad clusters.

在无监督学习中，我们从未标记或未结构化的输入数据中进行推断。 如果我们有一百万条医疗记录，并且我们必须弄清楚它，发现底层结构，离群值或检测异常，则可以使用聚类技术将数据划分为广泛的聚类。

Data sets are divided into training sets, testing sets, validation sets and so on.

数据集分为训练集，测试集，验证集等。

A breakthrough in 2012 brought the concept of Deep Learning into prominence. An algorithm classified 1 million images into 1000 categories successfully using 2 GPUs and latest technologies like Big Data.

2012年的一项突破使深度学习的概念倍受关注。 该算法使用2个GPU和最新技术(例如大数据)成功地将100万张图像分类为1000个类别。

深度学习与传统机器学习的关系 (Relating Deep Learning and Traditional Machine Learning)

One of the major challenges encountered in traditional machine learning models is a process called feature extraction. The programmer needs to be specific and tell the computer the features to be looked out for. These features will help in making decisions.

传统机器学习模型中遇到的主要挑战之一是称为特征提取的过程。 程序员需要具体说明并告诉计算机要注意的功能。 这些功能将有助于做出决策。

Entering raw data into the algorithm rarely works, so feature extraction is a critical part of the traditional machine learning workflow.

将原始数据输入算法很少，因此特征提取是传统机器学习工作流程的关键部分。

This places a huge responsibility on the programmer, and the algorithm's efficiency relies heavily on how inventive the programmer is. For complex problems such as object recognition or handwriting recognition, this is a huge issue.

这给程序员带来了巨大的责任，算法的效率在很大程度上取决于程序员的创造力。 对于诸如对象识别或手写识别之类的复杂问题，这是一个巨大的问题。

Deep learning, with the ability to learn multiple layers of representation, is one of the few methods that has help us with automatic feature extraction. The lower layers can be assumed to be performing automatic feature extraction, requiring little or no guidance from the programmer.

能够学习多层表示的深度学习是帮助我们进行自动特征提取的少数几种方法之一。 可以假设较低的层正在执行自动特征提取，几乎不需要程序员的指导。

翻译自: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_deep_learning/python_deep_basic_machine_learning.htm