XSD Complex 元素

A complex element contains other elements and/or attributes.
一个复合元素（Complex Elements）包含其他元素和/或属性

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What is a Complex Element?
什么是复合元素（Complex Elements）？

A complex element is an XML element that contains other elements and/or attributes.
复合元素（Complex Elements）是含有其他元素和/或属性的XML元素

There are four kinds of complex elements:
有四种复合元素（Complex Elements）：

• empty elements
  空元素
• elements that contain only other elements
  只含有其他元素的元素
• elements that contain only text
  只含有文本的元素
• elements that contain both other elements and text
  含有文本和其他元素的元素

Note: Each of these elements may contain attributes as well!
注意：这些元素中的每一个也许还含有属性!

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Examples of Complex Elements
复合元素（Complex Elements）的例子

A complex XML element, "product", which is empty:
一个空的复合XML元素"product"：

<product pid="1345"/>

A complex XML element, "employee", which contains only other elements:
只含有其他元素的复合XML元素, "employee"

<employee> <firstname>John</firstname> <lastname>Smith</lastname> </employee>

A complex XML element, "food", which contains only text:
只含有文本的复合XML元素， "food"：

<food type="dessert">Ice cream</food>

A complex XML element, "description", which contains both elements and text:
含有元素和文本的复合XML元素, "description"：

<description> It happened on <date lang="norwegian">03.03.99</date> .... </description>

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How to Define a Complex Element
怎样定义一个复合元素（Complex Elements）？

Look at this complex XML element, "employee", which contains only other elements:
看这个只含有其他元素的复合XML元素，"employee"：

<employee> <firstname>John</firstname> <lastname>Smith</lastname> </employee>

We can define a complex element in an XML Schema two different ways:
我们有两种方法可以在一篇XML Schema里定义一个复合元素（Complex Elements）：

1. The "employee" element can be declared directly by naming the element, like this:
1. "employee"元素可以直接通过命名元素的方式被声明，像这样：

<xs:element name="employee"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element>

If you use the method described above, only the "employee" element can use the specified complex type. Note that the child elements, "firstname" and "lastname", are surrounded by the <sequence> indicator. This means that the child elements must appear in the same order as they are declared. You will learn more about indicators in the XSD Indicators chapter.
如果你用了上面的方法，那么只有"employee"元素才可以用指定的复合类型。注意子元素"firstname" 和 "lastname",它们是被包围在<sequence>“指示器”元素里的。这意味着子元素必须以它们被声明的顺序出现。在XSD指示器这章里你可以学到关于指示器更多内容。

2. The "employee" element can have a type attribute that refers to the name of the complex type to use:
2. "employee"元素可以有个类型属性，其所指的是要用的复合类型的名称

<xs:element name="employee" type="personinfo"/> <xs:complexType name="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType>

If you use the method described above, several elements can refer to the same complex type, like this:
如果你用上述方法，几个元素指的可以是相同的复合类型，就像这样：

<xs:element name="employee" type="personinfo"/> <xs:element name="student" type="personinfo"/> <xs:element name="member" type="personinfo"/> <xs:complexType name="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType>

You can also base a complex element on an existing complex element and add some elements, like this:
你也可以在现存的复合元素（Complex Elements）上再加上一个复合元素（Complex Elements），并添加一些元素，就像这样：

<xs:element name="employee" type="fullpersoninfo"/> <xs:complexType name="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="fullpersoninfo"> <xs:complexContent> <xs:extension base="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="address" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="city" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:extension> </xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType>