Servlet(ServletContext 文件读取)

Servlet(ServletContext 文件读取)

ServletContext

概念

1全局的上下文对象
2.代表了整个web应用
3.由服务器在开启时就创建

• 特点

1.由服务器创建
2.单例

• 功能

ServletContext：全局的上下文对象 也是一个域对象

域：范围 ServletContext能在他所代表的范围内来共享数据

范围：整个web应用

方法

存储所有用户共享的数据

存储所有用户共享的数据

setAttribute(): 存储
getAttribute(): 获取
removeAttribute(): 删除域数据

• 代码

@WebServlet(name = "ServletSanWa",value="/die")
public class ServletSanWa extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("感时花溅泪");
   String name="阿米娅";
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        servletContext.setAttribute("name",name);

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}


public class HTTPService extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("GET请求");
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String name = String.valueOf(servletContext.getAttribute("name"));
        System.out.println(name);
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("POST请求");
        System.out.println("一树梨花压海棠");
    }
}

• 运行结果

感时花溅泪
GET请求
阿米娅
POST请求
一树梨花压海棠

JavaWeb中四大域对象

• ServletContext：代表整个web应用
• HttpSession：会话域
• ServletRequest：请求域
• PageContext：页面域

获取文件mime类型

WEB项目读取文件与普通文件不一样 因为经过编译后文件的位置会发生改变 存放在tomcat文件夹下

f1 = new FileInputStream("D:\\IDEA\\IdeaProjects\\ServletWeb2\\out\\artifacts\\ServletWeb2_war_exploded\\WEB-INF\\classes\\1.txt");
f3 = new FileInputStream("D:\\IDEA\\IdeaProjects\\ServletWeb2\\out\\artifacts\\ServletWeb2_war_exploded\\WEB-INF\\3.txt");
f2 = new FileInputStream("D:\\IDEA\\IdeaProjects\\ServletWeb2\\out\\artifacts\\ServletWeb2_war_exploded\\2.txt");

写死文件路径 方法不可取 改变服务器位置会发生变化

@WebServlet(name = "ServletFile", value = "/san")
public class ServletFile extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        FileInputStream f3 = null;
        FileInputStream f1 = null;
        FileInputStream f2 = null;
        try {
            f1 = new FileInputStream("D:\\IDEA\\IdeaProjects\\ServletWeb2\\out\\artifacts\\ServletWeb2_war_exploded\\WEB-INF\\classes\\1.txt");
            f3 = new FileInputStream("D:\\IDEA\\IdeaProjects\\ServletWeb2\\out\\artifacts\\ServletWeb2_war_exploded\\WEB-INF\\3.txt");
            f2 = new FileInputStream("D:\\IDEA\\IdeaProjects\\ServletWeb2\\out\\artifacts\\ServletWeb2_war_exploded\\2.txt");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(f1);
        System.out.println(f2);
        System.out.println(f3);

    }

getMimeType(文件名称)

获取文件运行的真实路径：

• 真实路径:指服务器路径

  getRealPath():

  • 1.webRoot下：项目根目录下
  • 2.WEB-INF下： 项目根目录下/WEB-INF
  • 3.src下： 项目根目录下/WEB-INF/classes

• 注意：如果getRealPath("/"),获取的路径是项目的根目录

  //根目录

  @WebServlet(name = "ServletGetReal", value = "/wa")
  public class ServletGetReal extends HttpServlet {
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
          ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
          String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/");
          System.out.println(realPath);
          FileInputStream f1 = new FileInputStream(realPath + "WEB-INF\\classes\\1.txt");
          FileInputStream f2 = new FileInputStream(realPath + "2.txt");
          FileInputStream f3 = new FileInputStream(realPath + "WEB-INF\\3.txt");
          System.out.println(f1);
          System.out.println(f2);
          System.out.println(f3);
      }
  

  运行结果：              //D:\IDEA\IdeaProjects\ServletWeb2\out\artifacts\ServletWeb2_war_exploded\
  java.io.FileInputStream@562364b6
  java.io.FileInputStream@50dcd3bb
  java.io.FileInputStream@173dfccf
  

  ServletContext只能用于web环境。如果是非web环境，则使用ClassLoader来获取真实路径

  • web项目里有一个普通的java工具类 我想获取文件的真实路径 那我就用不了 ServletContext

  • 方法

    //1.获取该类对应的类加载器对象
    ClassLoader loader = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
    //2.获取文件运行的真实路径
    URL url = loader.getResource("a.txt");
    String path = url.getPath();
    //注意类加载器来获取路径也有局限性 只能获取src目录下的文件
    // 方式2
    InputStream stream = MyUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("/a.txt");
    System.out.println(stream);
    

  • 例子

  public class FUtils {
      public void file() {
          System.out.println("普通类读取文件工具方法一调用");
          // 方式一
          InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("1.txt");
          System.out.println(resourceAsStream);
  
          // 方式二
          System.out.println("普通类读取文件工具方法二调用");
          URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("1.txt");
          String path = url.getPath();
          FileInputStream f3 = null;
          try {
              f3 = new FileInputStream(path);
          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
          System.out.println(f3);
  
      }
  }
  

  • 测试代码

  @WebServlet(name = "ServletUti", value = "/san1")
  public class ServletUti extends HttpServlet {
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
          new FUtils().file();
      }
  

  • 运行结果

  普通类读取文件工具方法一调用
  java.io.ByteArrayInputStream@71e47211
  普通类读取文件工具方法二调用
  java.io.FileInputStream@1052771b