1、组合两个表
题目描述:
表1: Person
:
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId | int |
| FirstName | varchar |
| LastName | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
PersonId 是上表主键
表二:Address
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId | int |
| PersonId | int |
| City | varchar |
| State | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
AddressId 是上表主键
编写一个 SQL 查询,满足条件:无论 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息:
FirstName, LastName, City, State
此处使用关联查询,因为一边为null,另一边也要显示,所以不能使用内连接inner join,可以使用左右连接:
# 右连接
select p.FirstName,p.LastName,a.City,a.State
from Address as a right join Person as p on p.personId = a.personId
# 左连接
select p.FirstName,p.LastName,a.City,a.State
from Person as p left join Address as a on p.personId = a.personId
2、第二高的薪水
题目描述:
编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 200 |
| 3 | 300 |
+----+--------+
例如上述 Employee 表,SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null。
+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200 |
+---------------------+
select max(SALARY) as SecondHighestSalary from Employee
where SALARY<(select max(SALARY) from Employee)
3、查找重复的电子邮箱
编写一个 SQL 查询,查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。
示例:
+----+---------+
| Id | Email |
+----+---------+
| 1 | a@b.com |
| 2 | c@d.com |
| 3 | a@b.com |
+----+---------+
根据以上输入,你的查询应返回以下结果:
+---------+
| Email |
+---------+
| a@b.com |
+---------+
说明:所有电子邮箱都是小写字母。
select Email from Person group by Email having count(*)>1
4、从不订购的用户
某网站包含两个表,Customers
表和 Orders
表。编写一个 SQL 查询,找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。
Customers
表:
+----+-------+
| Id | Name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | Joe |
| 2 | Henry |
| 3 | Sam |
| 4 | Max |
+----+-------+
Orders
表:
+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 1 |
+----+------------+
例如给定上述表格,你的查询应返回:
+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry |
| Max |
+-----------+
解答:
# 使用左连接
left join:以左表为基础,根据on后给出的两表的条件将两个表连接起来。
结果会将左表的所有信息列出,而右表只列出on后条件与左表满足的部分。
不满足的部分以null填充。
select c.Name as Customers
from Customers as c left join Orders as o on c.Id=o.CustomerId
where o.CustomerId is null;