饿汉式 DCL懒汉式 深究!
16.1、饿汉式
package com.chen.single;
// 饿汉式单例
public class Hungry {
// 可能会浪费空间
private byte[] data1 = new byte[1024*1024];
private byte[] data2 = new byte[1024*1024];
private byte[] data3 = new byte[1024*1024];
private byte[] data4 = new byte[1024*1024];
private Hungry(){};
private final static Hungry HUNGRY = new Hungry();
public static Hungry getInstance(){
return new Hungry();
}
}
16.2、DCL懒汉式
package com.chen.single;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
// 懒汉式单例模式
public class LazyMan {
private static boolean flag = false;
private LazyMan(){
synchronized (LazyMan.class){
if (flag == false){
flag = true;
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("不要试图用反射破坏异常");
}
}
}
private volatile static LazyMan lazyMan;
public static LazyMan getInstance(){
// 双重检测锁模式的 懒汉式单例 DCL懒汉式
if (lazyMan == null){
synchronized (LazyMan.class){
if (lazyMan == null){
lazyMan = new LazyMan(); // 它不是一个原子性操作
}
}
}
return lazyMan;
}
// 反射
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// LazyMan instance = LazyMan.getInstance();
Field flag = LazyMan.class.getDeclaredField("flag");
flag.setAccessible(true);
Constructor<LazyMan> declaredConstructor = LazyMan.class.getDeclaredConstructor(null);
declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
LazyMan instance = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
flag.set(instance,false);
LazyMan instance2 = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
System.out.println(instance2);
}
}
/**
* 1、分配内存空间
* 2、执行构造方法,初始化对象
* 3、把这个对象指向这个空间
*
* 123
* 132 A
* B // 此时lazyMan还没有完成构造
*/
这里的双重检测枷锁是保证了操作原子性,只有一个线程能创建一个实例,其他线程无法创建第二个,volatile关键字是为了防止因为指令重排导致的多线程问题,有可能线程A创建一个实例,虚拟机只执行了分配空间,对象地址引用这两步,这时线程B过来发现对象已经被创建了,但是获取到的对象是还没有被初始化的。
16.3、静态内部类
package com.chen.single;
// 静态内部类
public class Holder {
private Holder(){}
public static Holder getInstance(){
return InnerClass.HOLDER;
}
public static class InnerClass{
private static final Holder HOLDER = new Holder();
}
}
16.4、枚举
单例不安全,因为有反射
package com.chen.single;
import com.sun.org.apache.regexp.internal.RE;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
// enum 是一个什么? 本身也是一个Class类
public enum EnumSingle {
INSTANCE;
public EnumSingle getInstance(){
return INSTANCE;
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
EnumSingle instance1 = EnumSingle.INSTANCE;
Constructor<EnumSingle> declaredConstructor = EnumSingle.class.getDeclaredConstructor(null);
declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
EnumSingle instance2 = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
// NoSuchMethodException: com.chen.single.EnumSingle.<init>()
System.out.println(instance1);
System.out.println(instance2);
}
}
枚举类型的最终反编译
学习视频链接:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1B7411L7tE?p=33