JDK8新特性：stream详解
1 基本特性
Java8的API中添加了一个新的特性： 流，即stream。stream是将数组或者集合的元素视为流，流在管道中流动过程中，对数据进行筛选、排序和其他操作。
1.1 流的特性
1、stream不存储数据，而是按照特定的规则对数据进行计算，一般会输出结果；
2、stream不会改变数据源，通常情况下会产生一个新的集合；
3、stream具有延迟执行特性，只有调用终端操作时，中间操作才会执行。
4、对stream操作分为终端操作和中间操作，那么这两者分别代表什么呢？
终端操作：会消费流，这种操作会产生一个结果的，如果一个流被消费过了，那它就不能被重用的。
中间操作：中间操作会产生另一个流。因此中间操作可以用来创建执行一系列动作的管道。一个特别需要注意的点是:中间操作不是立即发生的。相反，当在中间操作创建的新流上执行完终端操作后，中间操作指定的操作才会发生。所以中间操作是延迟发生的，中间操作的延迟行为主要是让流API能够更加高效地执行。
5、stream不可复用，对一个已经进行过终端操作的流再次调用，会抛出异常。
1.2 创建Stream
通过数组创建流
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.通过Arrays.stream
//1.1基本类型
int[] arr = new int[]{1,2,34,5};
IntStream intStream = Arrays.stream(arr);
//1.2引用类型
Student[] studentArr = new Student[]{new Student("s1",29),new Student("s2",27)};
Stream<Student> studentStream = Arrays.stream(studentArr);
//2.通过Stream.of
Stream<Integer> stream1 = Stream.of(1,2,34,5,65);
//注意生成的是int[]的流
Stream<int[]> stream2 = Stream.of(arr,arr);
stream2.forEach(System.out::println);
}
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通过集合创建流
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> strs = Arrays.asList("11212","dfd","2323","dfhgf");
//创建普通流
Stream<String> stream = strs.stream();
//创建并行流
Stream<String> stream1 = strs.parallelStream();
}
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2 流API详述
BaseStream是最基础的接口，提供了流的基本功能。
2.1 BaseStream详述
BaseStream接口源码如下：
public interface BaseStream<T, S extends BaseStream<T, S>> extends AutoCloseable {
Iterator<T> iterator();
Spliterator<T> spliterator();
boolean isParallel();
S sequential();
S parallel();
S unordered();
S onClose(Runnable closeHandler);
@Override
void close();
}
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方法详述：
| 序号 | 方 法 | 描 述 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iterator iterator(); | 获得流的迭代器，并返回对该迭代器的引用(终端操作) |
| 2 | Spliterator spliterator(); | 获取流的spliterator，并返回其引用(终端操作) |
| 3 | boolean isParallel(); | 如果调用流是一个并行流，则返回true;如果调用流是一个顺序流，则返回false |
| 4 | S sequential(); | 基于调用流，返回一个顺序流。如果调用流已经是顺序流了，就返回该流(中间操作) |
| 5 | S parallel(); | 基于调用流，返回一个并行流。如果调用流已经是并行流了，就返回该流(中间操作) |
| 6 | S unordered(); | 基于调用流，返回一个无序流。如果调用流已经是无序流了，就返回该流(中间操作) |
| 7 | S onClose(Runnable closeHandler); | 基于调用流，返回一个并行流。如果调用流已经是并行流了，就返回该流(中间操作) |
| 8 | void close(); | 从AutoCloseable继承来的，调用注册关闭处理程序，关闭调用流(很少会被使用到) |
2.2 Stream详述
Stream接口的源码如下：
public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> { Stream<T> filter(Predicate<? super T> predicate); <R> Stream<R> map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper); IntStream mapToInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> mapper); LongStream mapToLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> mapper); DoubleStream mapToDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> mapper); <R> Stream<R> flatMap(Function<? super T, ? extends Stream<? extends R>> mapper); IntStream flatMapToInt(Function<? super T, ? extends IntStream> mapper); LongStream flatMapToLong(Function<? super T, ? extends LongStream> mapper); DoubleStream flatMapToDouble(Function<? super T, ? extends DoubleStream> mapper); Stream<T> distinct(); Stream<T> sorted(); Stream<T> sorted(Comparator<? super T> comparator); Stream<T> peek(Consumer<? super T> action); Stream<T> limit(long maxSize); Stream<T> skip(long n); void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action); void forEachOrdered(Consumer<? super T> action); Object[] toArray(); <A> A[] toArray(IntFunction<A[]> generator); T reduce(T identity, BinaryOperator<T> accumulator); Optional<T> reduce(BinaryOperator<T> accumulator); <U> U reduce(U identity, BiFunction<U, ? super T, U> accumulator, BinaryOperator<U> combiner); <R> R collect(Supplier<R> supplier, BiConsumer<R, ? super T> accumulator, BiConsumer<R, R> combiner); <R, A> R collect(Collector<? super T, A, R> collector); Optional<T> min(Comparator<? super T> comparator); Optional<T> max(Comparator<? super T> comparator); long count(); boolean anyMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate); boolean allMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate); boolean noneMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate); Optional<T> findFirst(); Optional<T> findAny();<span class="token comment">// Static factories</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> Builder<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">builder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Streams<span class="token punctuation">.</span>StreamBuilderImpl</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> StreamSupport<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Spliterators<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token function">emptySpliterator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">T</span> t<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> StreamSupport<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Streams<span class="token punctuation">.</span>StreamBuilderImpl</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>t<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> @SafeVarargs @<span class="token function">SuppressWarnings</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"varargs"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a stream from an array is safe</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">...</span> values<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>values<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">iterate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>final <span class="token constant">T</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> final UnaryOperator<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> f<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Objects<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requireNonNull</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>f<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> final Iterator<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> iterator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Iterator</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> @<span class="token function">SuppressWarnings</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"unchecked"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token constant">T</span> t <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> Streams<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NONE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> @Override <span class="token keyword">public</span> boolean <span class="token function">hasNext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> @Override <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token constant">T</span> <span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> t <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>t <span class="token operator">==</span> Streams<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NONE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> seed <span class="token punctuation">:</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>t<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> StreamSupport<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Spliterators<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">spliteratorUnknownSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> iterator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Spliterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">ORDERED</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> Spliterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Supplier<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Objects<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requireNonNull</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> StreamSupport<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StreamSpliterators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>InfiniteSupplyingSpliterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>OfRef</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Long<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">MAX_VALUE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Objects<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requireNonNull</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Objects<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requireNonNull</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> @<span class="token function">SuppressWarnings</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"unchecked"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> Spliterator<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> split <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Streams<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ConcatSpliterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>OfRef</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Spliterator<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">spliterator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Spliterator<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> b<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">spliterator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token constant">T</span><span class="token operator">></span> stream <span class="token operator">=</span> StreamSupport<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>split<span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isParallel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> b<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isParallel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onClose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Streams<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">composedClose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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针对上面的一些重要方法进行描述：
| 序号 | 方 法 | 描 述 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stream filter(Predicate<? super T> predicate); | 产生一个新流，其中包含调用流中满足predicate指定的谓词元素(中间操作) |
| 2 | Stream map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper); | 对调用流中的元素应用mapper，产生包含这些元素的新流(中间操作) |
| 3 | IntStream mapToInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> mapper); | 对调用流中元素应用mapper，产生包含这些元素的新IntStream流(中间操作) |
| 4 | Stream sorted(); | 产生一个自然排序的新流（中间操作） |
| 5 | Stream sorted(Comparator<? super T> comparator); | 产生一个自指定条件排序的新流（中间操作） |
| 6 | void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action); | 遍历流中的元素(终端操作) |
| 7 | void forEachOrdered(Consumer<? super T> action); | 遍历流中的元素（终端操作） |
| 8 | Optional min(Comparator<? super T> comparator) | 使用默认或者自定义的比较器，获取流中最小值 |
| 9 | Optional max(Comparator<? super T> comparator) | 使用默认或者自定义的比较器，获取流中最大值 |
3 常用方法
3.1 演示所用数据
下面创建了一个Person实体类，作为后续的演示数据，Person具有两个属性：name和salary。
public class Person { private String name; private int salary;<span class="token comment">// 构造方法</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> int salary<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>salary <span class="token operator">=</span> salary<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// 省略get与set方法</span>
}
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Person> personList= new ArrayList<Person>();
persons.add(new Person(“Tom”, 8900));
persons.add(new Person(“Jack”, 7000));
persons.add(new Person(“Lily”, 9000));
}
}
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3.2 筛选和匹配
流的筛选，即filter，是按照一定的规则校验流中的元素，将符合条件的元素提取出来的操作。filter通常要配合collect（收集），将筛选结果收集成一个新的集合。
流的匹配，与筛选类似，也是按照规则提取元素，不同的是，匹配返回的是单个元素或单个结果。
普通类型筛选
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(6, 7, 3, 8, 1, 2, 9);
List<Integer> collect = intList.stream().filter(x -> x > 7).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(collect);
}
// 预期结果：
[8,9]
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引用类型筛选
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Person> collect = personList.stream().filter(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000).collect(Collectors.toList());
// 预期结果：符合条件的实体类的集合
}
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匹配
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7,6,9,3,8,2,1);<span class="token comment">// 匹配第一个</span> Optional<span class="token operator"><</span>Integer<span class="token operator">></span> findFirst <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findFirst</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 匹配任意（适用于并行流）</span> Optional<span class="token operator"><</span>Integer<span class="token operator">></span> findAny <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parallelStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAny</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 是否包含</span> boolean anyMatch <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">anyMatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>findFirst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>findAny<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>anyMatch<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
// 预期结果：
// 1、Optional[7]
// 2、并行流处理，结果不确定
// 3、true
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3.3 聚合
在stream中，针对流进行计算后得出结果，例如求和、求最值等，这样的操作被称为聚合操作。聚合操作在广义上包含了max、min、count等方法和reduce、collect。
3.3.1 max、min和count
1、获取String集合中最长的元素
public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> list = Arrays.asList("adnm","admmt","pot");Optional<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token operator">></span> max <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Comparator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">comparing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>max<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
// 预期结果：
Optional[admmt]
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2、获取Integer集合中的最大值
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7,6,9);Optional<span class="token operator"><</span>Integer<span class="token operator">></span> reduce <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Comparator</span><span class="token operator"><</span>Integer<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> @Override <span class="token keyword">public</span> int <span class="token function">compare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer o1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Integer o2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> o1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">compareTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>reduce<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
//输出结果：
Optional[9]
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3、对象集合最值（Person见演示数据）
public static void main(String[] args) { list.add(new Person("a", 4)); list.add(new Person("b", 4)); list.add(new Person("c", 6));Optional<span class="token operator"><</span>Person<span class="token operator">></span> max <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Comparator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">comparingInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>max<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
// 输出结果：6，最小值将max改为min即可
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4、count
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7,6,9);long count <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">count</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>count<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
// 预期结果：2
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3.3.2 缩减（reduce）
顾名思义，缩减操作，就是把一个流缩减成一个值，比如对一个集合求和、求乘积等。
Stream流定义了三个reduce:
public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
// 方法1
T reduce(T identity, BinaryOperator<T> accumulator);
// 方法2
Optional<T> reduce(BinaryOperator<T> accumulator);
// 方法3
<U> U reduce(U identity,
BiFunction<U, ? super T, U> accumulator,
BinaryOperator<U> combiner);
}
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前两种缩减方式：
第一种缩减方法接收一个BinaryOperator accumulator function（二元累加计算函数）和identity（标示值）为参数，返回值是一个T类型（代表流中的元素类型）的对象。accumulator代表操作两个值并得到结果的函数。identity按照accumulator函数的规则参与计算，假如函数是求和运算，那么函数的求和结果加上identity就是最终结果，假如函数是求乘积运算，那么函数结果乘以identity就是最终结果。
第二种缩减方式不同之处是没有identity，返回值是Optional（JDK8新类，可以存放null）。
下面用一些示例来演示前两种reduce的用法：
普通集合求和、求最值
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2); // 求和 Integer sum = list.stream().reduce(1, (x, y) -> x + y); // 结果是7，也就是list元素求和再加上1 System.out.println(sum); // 写法2 Integer sum2 = list.stream().reduce(1, Integer::sum); System.out.println(sum2); // 结果：7<span class="token comment">// 求最值</span> Integer max <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> y <span class="token operator">?</span> x <span class="token punctuation">:</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>max<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 结果：6</span> <span class="token comment">// 写法2</span> Integer max2 <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Integer<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>max<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>max2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 结果：3</span>
}
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对象集合求和、求最值：
public class MyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000));<span class="token comment">// 求和</span> <span class="token comment">// 预期结果：Optional[24900]</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最值-方式1</span> Person person <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> p1 <span class="token punctuation">:</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 预期结果：Lily:9000</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">":"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> person<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最值-方式2</span> <span class="token comment">// 预期结果：Optional[9000]</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>max<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最值-方式3：</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Comparator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">comparingInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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第三种缩减操作
第三种缩减操作接收三个参数：标示值（identity）、二元操作累加器（BiFunction accumulator）、二元组合方法（BinaryOperator<.U> combiner）。其中combiner只有在并行
下面用对象集合求和和求最大值的实例来演示第三种缩减操作的用法：
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000));<span class="token comment">// 求和-方式1</span> Integer sumSalary <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> sum <span class="token operator">+=</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> sum1 <span class="token operator">+</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sumSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 24900</span> <span class="token comment">// 求和-方式2</span> Integer sumSalary2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> sum <span class="token operator">+=</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Integer<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sumSalary2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 24900</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最大值-方式1</span> Integer maxSalary <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>max<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> max <span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> max <span class="token punctuation">:</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>max<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>maxSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9000</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最大值-方式2</span> Integer maxSalary2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>max<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> max <span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> max <span class="token punctuation">:</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>max1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> max2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> max1 <span class="token operator">></span> max2 <span class="token operator">?</span> max1 <span class="token punctuation">:</span> max2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>maxSalary2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9000</span>
}
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下面验证一下combiner在串行流中不起作用而在并行流中起作用：
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000));<span class="token comment">// 验证combiner-串行流</span> Integer sumSalary <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"accumulator: sum=%s; person=%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> sum <span class="token operator">+=</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"combiner: sum1=%s; sum2=%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> sum1 <span class="token operator">+</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"总和："</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sumSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 输出结果：</span> <span class="token comment">// accumulator: sum=0; person=Tom</span> <span class="token comment">// accumulator: sum=8900; person=Jack</span> <span class="token comment">// accumulator: sum=15900; person=Lily</span> <span class="token comment">// 总和：24900</span> <span class="token comment">// 验证combiner-并行流</span> Integer sumSalary2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parallelStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"accumulator: sum=%s; person=%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> sum <span class="token operator">+=</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"combiner: sum1=%s; sum2=%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> sum1 <span class="token operator">+</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"总和："</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sumSalary2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 输出结果：</span> <span class="token comment">// accumulator: sum=0; person=Jack</span> <span class="token comment">// accumulator: sum=0; person=Tom</span> <span class="token comment">// accumulator: sum=0; person=Lily</span> <span class="token comment">// combiner: sum1=7000; sum2=9000</span> <span class="token comment">// combiner: sum1=8900; sum2=16000</span> <span class="token comment">// 总和：24900</span>
}
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由上面输出结果可见，并行流中，combiner方法被调用，将并行的累加器分别获得的结果组合起来得到最终结果。
3.3.3 收集（collect）
collect操作可以接受各种方法作为参数，将流中的元素汇集，得到
public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
<R> R collect(Supplier<R> supplier,BiConsumer<R, ? super T> accumulator,
BiConsumer<R, R> combiner);
<R, A> R collect(Collector<? super T, A, R> collector);
}
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观察上面接口定义可知，collect使用Collector作为参数，Collector包含四种不同的操作：supplier（初始构造器）, accumulator（累加器）, combiner（组合器）， finisher（终结者）。实际上，Collectors类内置了很多收集操作。
1、averaging系列
averagingDouble、averagingInt、averagingLong三个方法处理过程是相同的，都是返回stream的平均值，只是返回结果的类型不同。
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000));Double averageSalary <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">averagingDouble</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>averageSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 结果：8300</span>
}
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2、summarizing系列
summarizingDouble、summarizingInt、summarizingLong三个方法可以返回stream的一个统计结果map，不同之处也是结果map中的value类型不一样，分别是double、int、long类型。
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000));DoubleSummaryStatistics collect <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">summarizingDouble</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>collect<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 输出结果：</span> <span class="token comment">// DoubleSummaryStatistics{count=3, sum=24900.000000, min=7000.000000, average=8300.000000, max=9000.000000}</span>
}
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3、joining
joining可以将stream中的元素用特定的连接符（没有的话，则直接连接）连接成一个字符串。
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000));String names <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">joining</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">","</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>names<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
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4、reduce
Collectors内置reduce，可以完成自定义归约，如下面例子：
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000));Integer sumSalary <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reducing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> j<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> i <span class="token operator">+</span> j<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sumSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 结果：24900</span> Optional<span class="token operator"><</span>Integer<span class="token operator">></span> sumSalary2 <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sumSalary2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional[24900]</span>
}
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5、groupingBy
groupingBy方法可以将stream中的元素按照规则进行分组，类似mysql中groupBy语句。
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000));<span class="token comment">// 单级分组</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> List<span class="token operator"><</span>Person<span class="token operator">>></span> group <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">groupingBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>group<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 输出结果：{Tom=[mutest.Person@7cca494b],</span> <span class="token comment">// Jack=[mutest.Person@7ba4f24f],Lily=[mutest.Person@3b9a45b3]}</span> <span class="token comment">// 多级分组：先以name分组，再以salary分组：</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> List<span class="token operator"><</span>Person<span class="token operator">>>></span> group2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">groupingBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">groupingBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>group2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 输出结果：{Tom={8900=[mutest.Person@7cca494b]},Jack={7000=[mutest.Person@7ba4f24f]},Lily={9000=[mutest.Person@3b9a45b3]}}</span>
}
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6、toList、toSet、toMap
Collectors内置的toList等方法可以十分便捷地将stream中的元素收集成想要的集合，是一个非常常用的功能，通常会配合filter、map等方法使用。
public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900)); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 9000)); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 5000));<span class="token comment">// toList</span> List<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token operator">></span> names <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>names<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// toSet</span> Set<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token operator">></span> names2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toSet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>names2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// toMap</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Person<span class="token operator">></span> personMap <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toMap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>personMap<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
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3.4 映射（map）
Stream流中，map可以将一个流的元素按照一定的映射规则映射到另一个流中。
1、数据>>数据
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] strArr = { "abcd", "bcdd", "defde", "ftr" };
Arrays.stream(strArr).map(x -> x.toUpperCase()).forEach(System.out::println);
}
// 预期结果：
ABCD BCDD DEFDE FTR
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2、对象集合>>数据
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 为节省篇幅，personList复用了演示数据中的personList
personList.stream().map(person -> person.getSalary()).forEach(System.out::println);
}
// 预期结果：
ABCD BCDD DEFDE FTR
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3、对象集合>>对象集合
public static void main(String[] args) { // 为节省篇幅，personList复用了演示数据中的personList List<Person> collect = personList.stream().map(person -> { person.setName(person.getName()); person.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000); return person; }).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println(collect.get(0).getSalary()); System.out.println(personList.get(0).getSalary());List<span class="token operator"><</span>Person<span class="token operator">></span> collect2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Person personNew <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personNew<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personNew<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> personNew<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>collect2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
// 预期结果：
// 1、18900 18900，说明这种写法改变了原有的personList。
// 2、18900 8900，说明这种写法并未改变原有personList。
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3.5 排序（sorted）
Sorted方法是对流进行排序，并得到一个新的stream流，是一种中间操作。Sorted方法可以使用自然排序或特定比较器。
自然排序
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] strArr = { "abc", "m", "M", "bcd" };
System.out.println(Arrays.stream(strArr).sorted().collect(Collectors.toList()));
}
// 预期结果：
[M, abc, bcd, m]
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自定义排序
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] strArr = { "ab", "bcdd", "defde", "ftr" };
// 1、按长度自然排序，即长度从小到大
Arrays.stream(strArr).sorted(Comparator.comparing(String::length)).forEach(System.out::println);
// 2、按长度倒序，即长度从大到小
Arrays.stream(strArr).sorted(Comparator.comparing(String::length).reversed()).forEach(System.out::println);
// 3、首字母倒序
Arrays.stream(strArr).sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder()).forEach(System.out::println);
// 4、首字母自然排序
Arrays.stream(strArr).sorted(Comparator.naturalOrder()).forEach(System.out::println);
}
/**
* thenComparing
* 先按照首字母排序
* 之后按照String的长度排序
*/
@Test
public void testSorted3_(){
Arrays.stream(arr1).sorted(Comparator.comparing(this::com1).thenComparing(String::length)).forEa
ch(System.out::println);
}
public char com1(String x){
return x.charAt(0);
}
// 输出结果：
// 1、ftr bcdd defde
// 2、defde bcdd ftr ab
// 3、ftr defde bcdd ab
// 4、ab bcdd defde ftr
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3.6 提取流和组合流
public static void main(String[] args) { String[] arr1 = {"a","b","c","d"}; String[] arr2 = {"d","e","f","g"}; String[] arr3 = {"i","j","k","l"};<span class="token comment">/** * 可以把两个stream合并成一个stream（合并的stream类型必须相同）,只能两两合并 * 预期结果：a b c d e（为节省篇幅，空格代替换行） */</span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token operator">></span> stream1 <span class="token operator">=</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Stream<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token operator">></span> stream2 <span class="token operator">=</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stream1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stream2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">distinct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>println<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/** * limit，限制从流中获得前n个数据 * 预期结果：1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 */</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iterate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>x<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>x<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>println<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/** * skip，跳过前n个数据 * 预期结果：3 5 7 9 11 */</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iterate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>x<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>x<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">skip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>println<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
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