Java信号量示例-CSDN博客

本文介绍了Java中的信号量概念，提供了一个限制并发任务数量的示例，并简要提到了互斥体的概念，帮助理解如何在Java中控制并发访问资源。

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在Java中，我们可以使用Semaphore来限制访问特定资源的线程数。

1.什么是信号量？

简而言之，信号量维护一组许可（票证），每个acquire() ）将从信号量中acquire()许可（票证），每个release()将许可（票证）返回给信号量。如果没有许可证（门票），则acquire()将阻塞，直到有一个可用的为止。

// 5 tickets
	Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(5);

	// take 1 ticket 
	semaphore.acquire();
 
	// 4
	semaphore.availablePermits();
	
	// return back ticket
	semaphore.release();
 
	// 5
	semaphore.availablePermits();

2. Java信号量

一个Java Semaphore示例，用于限制ExecutorService运行的任务数量。在此示例中，有5个Callable任务被提交到ExecutorService ，但是只有2个任务正在同时运行。

TaskLimitSemaphore.java

package com.mkyong.concurrency.synchronizer.semaphore;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

// Throttle task submission
public class TaskLimitSemaphore {

    private final ExecutorService executor;
    private final Semaphore semaphore;

    public TaskLimitSemaphore(ExecutorService executor, int limit) {
        this.executor = executor;
        this.semaphore = new Semaphore(limit);
    }

    public <T> Future<T> submit(final Callable<T> task) throws InterruptedException {
        
        semaphore.acquire();
        System.out.println("semaphore.acquire()...");

        return executor.submit(() -> {
            try {
                return task.call();
            } finally {
                semaphore.release();
                System.out.println("semaphore.release()...");
            }
        });

    }

    private static final DateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        // Only 2 tasks are able to run concurrently
        TaskLimitSemaphore obj = new TaskLimitSemaphore(executor, 2);

        obj.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " : task1 is running!");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " : task1 is done!");
            return 1;
        });

        obj.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " : task2 is running!");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " task2 is done!");
            return 2;
        });

        obj.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " task3 is running!");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " task3 is done!");
            return 3;
        });

        obj.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " task4 is running!");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " task4 is done!");
            return 4;
        });

        obj.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " task5 is running!");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " task5 is done!");
            return 5;
        });

        executor.shutdown();
    }

    private static String getCurrentDateTime() {
        return sdf.format(new Date());
    }
}

输出量

semaphore.acquire()...
semaphore.acquire()...
2018/12/06 18:45:22 : task1 is running!
2018/12/06 18:45:22 : task2 is running!
2018/12/06 18:45:24 : task1 is done!
2018/12/06 18:45:24 task2 is done!
semaphore.release()...
semaphore.acquire()...
semaphore.release()...
semaphore.acquire()...
2018/12/06 18:45:24 task3 is running!
2018/12/06 18:45:24 task4 is running!
2018/12/06 18:45:26 task4 is done!
2018/12/06 18:45:26 task3 is done!
semaphore.acquire()...
semaphore.release()...
semaphore.release()...
2018/12/06 18:45:26 task5 is running!
2018/12/06 18:45:28 task5 is done!
semaphore.release()...

3.互斥体

简而言之，总是new Semaphore(1) ，仅允许一个线程访问特定资源。

PrintSequenceCallable.java

package com.mkyong.concurrency.synchronizer.semaphore;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SshLoginSemaphore {

    private final Semaphore mutex;

    // only 1 user is allow
    public SshLoginSemaphore() {
        this.mutex = new Semaphore(1);
    }

    private void ssh(String user) throws InterruptedException {

        mutex.acquire();
        System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " : " + user + " mutex.acquire()");

        Thread.sleep(2000);

        mutex.release();
        System.out.println(getCurrentDateTime() + " : " + user + " mutex.release()");

    }

    private static final DateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

        SshLoginSemaphore task = new SshLoginSemaphore();

        // submit 3 tasks
        executor.submit(() -> {
            try {
                task.ssh("mkyong");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        executor.submit(() -> {
            try {
                task.ssh("yflow");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        executor.submit(() -> {
            try {
                task.ssh("zilap");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        executor.shutdown();

    }

    private static String getCurrentDateTime() {
        return sdf.format(new Date());
    }

}

输出量

查看时间（秒），只允许一个线程，一个acquire()和一个release()

2018/12/06 18:54:25 : mkyong mutex.acquire()
2018/12/06 18:54:27 : yflow mutex.acquire()
2018/12/06 18:54:27 : mkyong mutex.release()
2018/12/06 18:54:29 : zilap mutex.acquire()
2018/12/06 18:54:29 : yflow mutex.release()
2018/12/06 18:54:31 : zilap mutex.release()