Java Thread – Mutex和Semaphore示例

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-23 17:52:58 发布

cyan20115

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-23 17:52:58 发布

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Java多线程示例向您展示如何使用Semaphore和Mutex限制访问资源的线程数。

Semaphores –限制可以访问资源的线程数。例如，限制最多10个连接以同时访问一个文件。
Mutex –一次只能访问一个资源的线程。例如，当客户端正在访问文件时，其他任何人都不能同时访问同一文件。

1.信号量

考虑一个带有4个ATM的ATM隔间， Semaphore可以确保只有4个人可以同时访问。

SemaphoreTest.java

package com.mkyong;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SemaphoreTest {

	// max 4 people
	static Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(4);

	static class MyATMThread extends Thread {

		String name = "";

		MyATMThread(String name) {
			this.name = name;
		}

		public void run() {

			try {

				
				System.out.println(name + " : acquiring lock...");
				System.out.println(name + " : available Semaphore permits now: " 
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());
				
				semaphore.acquire();
				System.out.println(name + " : got the permit!");

				try {

					for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

						System.out.println(name + " : is performing operation " + i 
								+ ", available Semaphore permits : "
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

						// sleep 1 second
						Thread.sleep(1000);

					}

				} finally {

					// calling release() after a successful acquire()
					System.out.println(name + " : releasing lock...");
					semaphore.release();
					System.out.println(name + " : available Semaphore permits now: " 
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

				}

			} catch (InterruptedException e) {

				e.printStackTrace();

			}

		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		System.out.println("Total available Semaphore permits : " 
				+ semaphore.availablePermits());
	
		MyATMThread t1 = new MyATMThread("A");
		t1.start();

		MyATMThread t2 = new MyATMThread("B");
		t2.start();

		MyATMThread t3 = new MyATMThread("C");
		t3.start();

		MyATMThread t4 = new MyATMThread("D");
		t4.start();

		MyATMThread t5 = new MyATMThread("E");
		t5.start();

		MyATMThread t6 = new MyATMThread("F");
		t6.start();

	}
}

输出可能会有所不同，但锁定和释放的流程应大致相同。

Total available Semaphore permits : 4
A : acquiring lock...
D : acquiring lock...
C : acquiring lock...
B : acquiring lock...
B : available Semaphore permits now: 4
C : available Semaphore permits now: 4
E : acquiring lock...
F : acquiring lock...
F : available Semaphore permits now: 2
F : got the permit!
F : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 1
D : available Semaphore permits now: 4
A : available Semaphore permits now: 4
D : got the permit!
D : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : available Semaphore permits now: 2
C : got the permit!
B : got the permit!
C : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0


D : releasing lock...
F : releasing lock...
D : available Semaphore permits now: 1
A : got the permit!
A : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : available Semaphore permits now: 1
E : got the permit!


E : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : releasing lock...
B : available Semaphore permits now: 1
C : releasing lock...
C : available Semaphore permits now: 2
A : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 2
E : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 2
A : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 2
E : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 2
A : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 2
E : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 2
A : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 2
E : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 2
A : releasing lock...
A : available Semaphore permits now: 3
E : releasing lock...
E : available Semaphore permits now: 4

仔细观察以上输出，您将看到最多有4个人（C，B，F，D）一次执行操作，而A和E正在等待。一旦其中一个释放了锁（D和F），A和E将获取该锁并立即恢复。

2.互斥

Mutex是访问Semaphore为1的Semaphore 。请考虑在银行中使用储物柜的情况。通常的规则是只允许一个人进入更衣室。

MutexTest.java

package com.mkyong;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SemaphoreTest {

	// max 1 people
	static Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);

	static class MyLockerThread extends Thread {

		String name = "";

		MyLockerThread(String name) {
			this.name = name;
		}

		public void run() {

			try {

				System.out.println(name + " : acquiring lock...");
				System.out.println(name + " : available Semaphore permits now: " 
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

				semaphore.acquire();
				System.out.println(name + " : got the permit!");

				try {

					for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

						System.out.println(name + " : is performing operation " + i 
								+ ", available Semaphore permits : "
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

						// sleep 1 second
						Thread.sleep(1000);

					}

				} finally {

					// calling release() after a successful acquire()
					System.out.println(name + " : releasing lock...");
					semaphore.release();
					System.out.println(name + " : available Semaphore permits now: " 
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

				}

			} catch (InterruptedException e) {

				e.printStackTrace();

			}

		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		System.out.println("Total available Semaphore permits : " 
				+ semaphore.availablePermits());

		MyLockerThread t1 = new MyLockerThread("A");
		t1.start();

		MyLockerThread t2 = new MyLockerThread("B");
		t2.start();

		MyLockerThread t3 = new MyLockerThread("C");
		t3.start();

		MyLockerThread t4 = new MyLockerThread("D");
		t4.start();

		MyLockerThread t5 = new MyLockerThread("E");
		t5.start();

		MyLockerThread t6 = new MyLockerThread("F");
		t6.start();

	}
}

输出可能会有所不同，但锁定和释放的流程应相同。

Total available Semaphore permits : 1
A : acquiring lock...
B : acquiring lock...
A : available Semaphore permits now: 1
C : acquiring lock...
B : available Semaphore permits now: 1
C : available Semaphore permits now: 0
A : got the permit!
D : acquiring lock...
E : acquiring lock...
A : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : available Semaphore permits now: 0
D : available Semaphore permits now: 0
F : acquiring lock...
F : available Semaphore permits now: 0
A : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
A : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
A : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
A : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
A : releasing lock...
A : available Semaphore permits now: 1
B : got the permit!
B : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : releasing lock...
B : available Semaphore permits now: 1
C : got the permit!
C : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : releasing lock...
C : available Semaphore permits now: 1
E : got the permit!
E : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : releasing lock...
E : available Semaphore permits now: 1
D : got the permit!
D : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : releasing lock...
D : available Semaphore permits now: 1
F : got the permit!
F : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : releasing lock...
F : available Semaphore permits now: 1

可以看出，这里一次只执行一个线程。这是Mutex的角色。

参考文献

标签： Java线程互斥量信号量线程

翻译自: https://mkyong.com/java/java-thread-mutex-and-semaphore-example/

cyan20115

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Java Thread – Mutex和Semaphore示例

Java多线程示例向您展示如何使用Semaphore和Mutex限制访问资源的线程数。 Semaphores –限制可以访问资源的线程数。例如，限制最多10个连接以同时访问一个文件。 Mutex –一次只能访问一个资源的线程。例如，当客户端正在访问文件时，其他任何人都不能同时访问同一文件。 1.信号量考虑一个带有4个ATM的ATM隔间， Semaphore可以确保只有4...
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