Java –如何重写equals和hashCode

一些Java示例向您展示如何重写equals和hashCode 。

1. POJO

为了比较两个Java对象，我们需要同时覆盖equals和hashCode （优良作法）。

User.java

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String passport;

	//getters and setters, constructor
}

User user1 = new User("mkyong", 35, "111222333");
    User user2 = new User("mkyong", 35, "111222333");

    System.out.println(user1.equals(user2)); // false

2.经典方式

17和31哈希码的想法来自经典的Java书籍–有效的Java：项目9

User.java

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String passport;

	//getters and setters, constructor

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {

        if (o == this) return true;
        if (!(o instanceof User)) {
            return false;
        }

        User user = (User) o;

        return user.name.equals(name) &&
                user.age == age &&
                user.passport.equals(passport);
    }

    //Idea from effective Java : Item 9
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = 17;
        result = 31 * result + name.hashCode();
        result = 31 * result + age;
        result = 31 * result + passport.hashCode();
        return result;
    }

}

2. JDK 7

对于JDK 7和更高版本，可以使用新的Objects类来生成equals和哈希码值。

User.java

import java.util.Objects;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String passport;

	//getters and setters, constructor

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {

        if (o == this) return true;
        if (!(o instanceof User)) {
            return false;
        }
        User user = (User) o;
        return age == user.age &&
                Objects.equals(name, user.name) &&
                Objects.equals(passport, user.passport);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(name, age, passport);
    }

}

3. Apache Commons Lang

另外，您可以使用Apache Commons Lang EqualsBuilder和HashCodeBuilder函数。

User.java

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String passport;

	//getters and setters, constructor

     @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {

        if (o == this) return true;
        if (!(o instanceof User)) {
            return false;
        }

        User user = (User) o;

        return new EqualsBuilder()
                .append(age, user.age)
                .append(name, user.name)
                .append(passport, user.passport)
                .isEquals();
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return new HashCodeBuilder(17, 37)
                .append(name)
                .append(age)
                .append(passport)
                .toHashCode();
    }

}

4.再次测试

之后重写equals和hashCode 。

User user1 = new User("mkyong", 35, "111222333");
    User user2 = new User("mkyong", 35, "111222333");

    System.out.println(user1.equals(user2)); // true

参考文献

1. 维基百科：Java hashCode（）
2. 关于hashCode（）的三件事
3. JDK 7对象JavaDoc
4. Apache Commons Lang
5. HashCodeBuilder JavaDoc
6. Stackoverflow：在Java中重写等于和hashCode？

标记： 哈希码 Java

翻译自: https://mkyong.com/java/java-how-to-overrides-equals-and-hashcode/