如何从Java执行Shell命令

在Java中，我们可以使用ProcessBuilder或Runtime.getRuntime().exec来执行外部shell命令：

1. ProcessBuilder

ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder();

	// -- Linux --

	// Run a shell command
	processBuilder.command("bash", "-c", "ls /home/mkyong/");

	// Run a shell script
	//processBuilder.command("path/to/hello.sh");

	// -- Windows --

	// Run a command
	//processBuilder.command("cmd.exe", "/c", "dir C:\\Users\\mkyong");

	// Run a bat file
	//processBuilder.command("C:\\Users\\mkyong\\hello.bat");

	try {

		Process process = processBuilder.start();

		StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();

		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

		String line;
		while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
			output.append(line + "\n");
		}

		int exitVal = process.waitFor();
		if (exitVal == 0) {
			System.out.println("Success!");
			System.out.println(output);
			System.exit(0);
		} else {
			//abnormal...
		}

	} catch (IOException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	} catch (InterruptedException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}

2. Runtime.getRuntime（）。exec（）

try {

		// -- Linux --
		
		// Run a shell command
		// Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ls /home/mkyong/");

		// Run a shell script
		// Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("path/to/hello.sh");

		// -- Windows --
		
		// Run a command
		//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c dir C:\\Users\\mkyong");

		//Run a bat file
		Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(
				"cmd /c hello.bat", null, new File("C:\\Users\\mkyong\\"));

		StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();

		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

		String line;
		while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
			output.append(line + "\n");
		}

		int exitVal = process.waitFor();
		if (exitVal == 0) {
			System.out.println("Success!");
			System.out.println(output);
			System.exit(0);
		} else {
			//abnormal...
		}

	} catch (IOException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	} catch (InterruptedException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}

}

3. PING示例

一个执行ping命令并输出其输出的示例。

ProcessBuilderExample1.java

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class ProcessBuilderExample1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder();
        // Windows
        processBuilder.command("cmd.exe", "/c", "ping -n 3 google.com");

        try {

            Process process = processBuilder.start();

            BufferedReader reader =
                    new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }

            int exitCode = process.waitFor();
            System.out.println("\nExited with error code : " + exitCode);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

输出量

Pinging google.com [172.217.31.78] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.217.31.78: bytes=32 time=13ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.31.78: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.31.78: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=55

Ping statistics for 172.217.31.78:
    Packets: Sent = 3, Received = 3, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 6ms, Maximum = 13ms, Average = 8ms

Exited with error code : 0

注意
更多Java ProcessBuilder示例

4.主机示例

执行shell命令host -ta google.com以获取附加到google.com的所有IP地址的示例。 稍后，我们使用正则表达式来获取所有IP地址并显示它。

PS“主机”命令仅在* nix系统中可用。

ExecuteShellComand.java

package com.mkyong.shell;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class ExecuteShellComand {

	private static final String IPADDRESS_PATTERN = "([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])" 
		+ "\\.([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])" 
		+ "\\.([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])" 
		+ "\\.([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])";

	private static Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(IPADDRESS_PATTERN);
	private static Matcher matcher;

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ExecuteShellComand obj = new ExecuteShellComand();

		String domainName = "google.com";
		String command = "host -t a " + domainName;
		
		String output = obj.executeCommand(command);

		//System.out.println(output);
		
		List<string> list = obj.getIpAddress(output);

		if (list.size() &gt; 0) {
			System.out.printf("%s has address : %n", domainName);
			for (String ip : list) {
				System.out.println(ip);
			}
		} else {
			System.out.printf("%s has NO address. %n", domainName);
		}

	}

	private String executeCommand(String command) {

		StringBuffer output = new StringBuffer();

		Process p;
		try {
			p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
			p.waitFor();
			BufferedReader reader = 
                           new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));

			String line = "";			
			while ((line = reader.readLine())!= null) {
				output.append(line + "\n");
			}

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return output.toString();

	}

	public List<string> getIpAddress(String msg) {

		List<string> ipList = new ArrayList<string>();

		if (msg == null || msg.equals(""))
			return ipList;

		matcher = pattern.matcher(msg);
		while (matcher.find()) {
			ipList.add(matcher.group(0));
		}

		return ipList;
	}
}
</string></string></string></string>

输出量

google.com has address : 
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x

参考文献

1. 更多ProcessBuilder示例
2. Java文档– ProcessBuilder
3. Java文档– Runtime.getRuntime（）。exec
4. 如何使用正则表达式验证IP地址

标签： ip地址 regex shell命令

翻译自: https://mkyong.com/java/how-to-execute-shell-command-from-java/