如何自动登录网站-Java示例

在此示例中，我们将向您展示如何通过标准Java HttpsURLConnection登录网站。 该技术应可在大多数登录表单中使用。

本示例中使用的工具和Java库

1. Google Chrome浏览器–“网络”标签可分析HTTP请求和响应标头字段。
2. jsoup库–提取HTML表单值。
3. JDK 6。

1.分析Http标头，表单数据。

要登录网站，您需要知道以下值：

1. 登录表单URL。
2. 登录表单数据。
3. 认证的URL。
4. Http请求/响应标头。

使用谷歌浏览器获取上述数据。 在Chrome浏览器中，右键单击所有位置，选择“检查元素”->“网络”标签。

在编写代码之前，请尝试通过Chrome登录，观察HTTP请求，响应和表单数据的工作方式，稍后需要在Java中模拟相同的步骤。

2. HttpsURLConnection示例

在此示例中，我们向您展示如何登录Gmail。

总结：

1. 将HTTP“ GET”请求发送到Google登录表单– https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLoginAuth
2. 通过Google Chrome浏览器的“网络”功能分析表单数据。 或者，您可以查看HTML源代码。
3. 使用jSoup库提取所有可见和隐藏表单的数据，并用您的用户名和密码替换。
4. 将HTTP“ POST”请求以及构造的参数发送回登录表单
5. 用户身份验证后，将另一个HTTP“ GET”请求发送到Gmail页面。 https://mail.google.com/mail/

注意
该示例只是向您展示Java HttpURLConnection的功能。 通常，您应该使用Google Gmail API与Gmail进行交互。

HttpUrlConnectionExample.java

package com.mkyong;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.CookieHandler;
import java.net.CookieManager;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;

public class HttpUrlConnectionExample {

  private List<String> cookies;
  private HttpsURLConnection conn;

  private final String USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0";

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

	String url = "https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLoginAuth";
	String gmail = "https://mail.google.com/mail/";

	HttpUrlConnectionExample http = new HttpUrlConnectionExample();

	// make sure cookies is turn on
	CookieHandler.setDefault(new CookieManager());

	// 1. Send a "GET" request, so that you can extract the form's data.
	String page = http.GetPageContent(url);
	String postParams = http.getFormParams(page, "username@gmail.com", "password");

	// 2. Construct above post's content and then send a POST request for
	// authentication
	http.sendPost(url, postParams);

	// 3. success then go to gmail.
	String result = http.GetPageContent(gmail);
	System.out.println(result);
  }

  private void sendPost(String url, String postParams) throws Exception {

	URL obj = new URL(url);
	conn = (HttpsURLConnection) obj.openConnection();

	// Acts like a browser
	conn.setUseCaches(false);
	conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
	conn.setRequestProperty("Host", "accounts.google.com");
	conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", USER_AGENT);
	conn.setRequestProperty("Accept",
		"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");
	conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5");
	for (String cookie : this.cookies) {
		conn.addRequestProperty("Cookie", cookie.split(";", 1)[0]);
	}
	conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "keep-alive");
	conn.setRequestProperty("Referer", "https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLoginAuth");
	conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
	conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", Integer.toString(postParams.length()));

	conn.setDoOutput(true);
	conn.setDoInput(true);

	// Send post request
	DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
	wr.writeBytes(postParams);
	wr.flush();
	wr.close();

	int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
	System.out.println("\nSending 'POST' request to URL : " + url);
	System.out.println("Post parameters : " + postParams);
	System.out.println("Response Code : " + responseCode);

	BufferedReader in = 
             new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
	String inputLine;
	StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

	while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
		response.append(inputLine);
	}
	in.close();
	// System.out.println(response.toString());

  }

  private String GetPageContent(String url) throws Exception {

	URL obj = new URL(url);
	conn = (HttpsURLConnection) obj.openConnection();

	// default is GET
	conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

	conn.setUseCaches(false);

	// act like a browser
	conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", USER_AGENT);
	conn.setRequestProperty("Accept",
		"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");
	conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5");
	if (cookies != null) {
		for (String cookie : this.cookies) {
			conn.addRequestProperty("Cookie", cookie.split(";", 1)[0]);
		}
	}
	int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
	System.out.println("\nSending 'GET' request to URL : " + url);
	System.out.println("Response Code : " + responseCode);

	BufferedReader in = 
            new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
	String inputLine;
	StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

	while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
		response.append(inputLine);
	}
	in.close();

	// Get the response cookies
	setCookies(conn.getHeaderFields().get("Set-Cookie"));

	return response.toString();

  }

  public String getFormParams(String html, String username, String password)
		throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

	System.out.println("Extracting form's data...");

	Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);

	// Google form id
	Element loginform = doc.getElementById("gaia_loginform");
	Elements inputElements = loginform.getElementsByTag("input");
	List<String> paramList = new ArrayList<String>();
	for (Element inputElement : inputElements) {
		String key = inputElement.attr("name");
		String value = inputElement.attr("value");

		if (key.equals("Email"))
			value = username;
		else if (key.equals("Passwd"))
			value = password;
		paramList.add(key + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8"));
	}

	// build parameters list
	StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
	for (String param : paramList) {
		if (result.length() == 0) {
			result.append(param);
		} else {
			result.append("&" + param);
		}
	}
	return result.toString();
  }

  public List<String> getCookies() {
	return cookies;
  }

  public void setCookies(List<String> cookies) {
	this.cookies = cookies;
  }

}

输出量

Sending 'GET' request to URL : https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLoginAuth
Response Code : 200
Extracting form data...

Sending 'POST' request to URL : https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLoginAuth
Post parameters : dsh=-293322094146108856&GALX=CExqdUbvEr4&timeStmp=&secTok=&_utf8=%E2%98%83
&bgresponse=js_disabled&Email=username&Passwd=password&signIn=Sign+in&PersistentCookie=yes&rmShown=1
Response Code : 200

Sending 'GET' request to URL : https://mail.google.com/mail/
Response Code : 200
<!-- gmail page content.....-->

注意
请参考此等效示例，但使用Apache HttpClient发送HTTP request 。

参考文献

1. 自动登录网站
2. Android文档– HttpURLConnection
3. 使用Java发送HTTP请求GET / POST以形成表单？
4. jSoup库
5. Apache HttpClient示例

标签： java网络 登录

翻译自: https://mkyong.com/java/how-to-automate-login-a-website-java-example/