JUnit –预期异常测试

在JUnit中，有3种方法来测试预期的异常：

1. @Test ，可选的'expected'属性
2. 尝试捕获并始终fail()
3. @Rule ExpectedException

PS已通过JUnit 4.12测试

1. @Test预期属性

如果只想测试异常类型，请使用此选项，请参见以下内容：

Exception1Test.java

package com.mkyong;

import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Exception1Test {

    @Test(expected = ArithmeticException.class)
    public void testDivisionWithException() {
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }

    @Test(expected = IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
    public void testEmptyList() {
        new ArrayList<>().get(0);
    }

}

2.尝试捕获并始终失败（）

这有点老派了，在JUnit 3中广泛使用。测试异常类型以及异常详细信息。 请参阅以下内容：

Exception2Test.java

package com.mkyong;

import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import static junit.framework.TestCase.fail;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;

public class Exception2Test {

    @Test
    public void testDivisionWithException() {
        try {
            int i = 1 / 0;
            fail(); //remember this line, else 'may' false positive
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
            assertThat(e.getMessage(), is("/ by zero"));
			//assert others
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testEmptyList() {
        try {
            new ArrayList<>().get(0);
            fail();
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            assertThat(e.getMessage(), is("Index: 0, Size: 0"));
        }
    }


}

永远记住fail（）！
如果您要测试的行没有引发任何异常，而您忘记放置fail() ，则测试将通过（假肯定）。

3. @Rule ExpectedException

这个ExpectedException规则（自JUnit 4.7起）使您既可以测试异常类型，也可以测试异常详细信息，就像“ 2. Try-catch and always fail（） ”方法一样，但是以一种更为优雅的方式进行：

Exception3Test.java

package com.mkyong;

import com.mkyong.examples.CustomerService;
import com.mkyong.examples.exception.NameNotFoundException;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasProperty;

public class Exception3Test {

    @Rule
    public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();

    @Test
    public void testDivisionWithException() {

        thrown.expect(ArithmeticException.class);
        thrown.expectMessage(containsString("/ by zero"));

        int i = 1 / 0;

    }

    @Test
    public void testNameNotFoundException() throws NameNotFoundException {

		//test type
        thrown.expect(NameNotFoundException.class);

		//test message
        thrown.expectMessage(is("Name is empty!"));

        //test detail
        thrown.expect(hasProperty("errCode"));  //make sure getters n setters are defined.
        thrown.expect(hasProperty("errCode", is(666)));

        CustomerService cust = new CustomerService();
        cust.findByName("");

    }

}

NameNotFoundException.java

package com.mkyong.examples.exception;

public class NameNotFoundException extends Exception {

    private int errCode;

    public NameNotFoundException(int errCode, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.errCode = errCode;
    }

    public int getErrCode() {
        return errCode;
    }

    public void setErrCode(int errCode) {
        this.errCode = errCode;
    }
}

CustomerService.java

package com.mkyong.examples;

import com.mkyong.examples.exception.NameNotFoundException;

public class CustomerService {

    public Customer findByName(String name) throws NameNotFoundException {

        if ("".equals(name)) {
            throw new NameNotFoundException(666, "Name is empty!");
        }

        return new Customer(name);

    }

}

参考文献

1. JUnit Wiki异常测试
2. Java自定义异常示例

标签： junit 单元测试

翻译自: https://mkyong.com/unittest/junit-4-tutorial-2-expected-exception-test/