What is End-to-End Argument:
书上说的挺多,我理解的意思,不同的功能放在合适的层实现,因为放在不合适的层可以无法实现,或者导致灵活性变小(这一块还没有完全明白作者的意思,挖个坑先)
What is Fate Sharing:
意思就是把维持不同层的状态记录放在各自的层,自己的事自己管
OSI七层协议:
图来自:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model
OSI Model | ||||
Layer | Data unit | Function | Examples | |
Host layers | 7. Application | High-level APIs, including resource sharing, remote file access,directory services and virtual terminals | ||
6. Presentation | Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression andencryption/decryption | |||
5. Session | Managing communication sessions, i.e. continuous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions between two nodes | |||
4. Transport | Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network, including segmentation, acknowledgement and multiplexing | |||
Media layers (all network device) | 3. Network | Structuring and managing a multi-node network, including addressing,routing and traffic control | ||
2. Data link | Reliable transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer | PPP, IEEE 802.2, L2TP, MAC,LLDP | ||
1. Physical | Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium |
平时提到的二层网络(Data link),三层网络(Network)和OSI模型的序号是对应的,
TCP/IP协议簇相对与OSI,1、2、3层是一样的,区别是host端tcp/ip只有应用层,少掉的两层由有需要的应用自己实现
switch router在网络中处于哪一层,区别在哪里
网络中的一个设备,如果工作在第N层,那么他必须要实现N层下面所有层的协议(每一层连接了什么类型的该层网络就需要实现该层的协议)
switch工作在二层网络(但是也有三层交换机),router工作在三层网络
router:Routers are capableof interconnecting different types of link-layer networks and must implementthe link-layer protocols for each of the network types thye connected.
switch:和router类似,用于链接不同的一层网络,并且要实现其连接的每一个一层网络的物理层协议
host: host是工作再应用层的,所以需要实现TCP/IP的全部五层的协议。
现实中,router,switch实现的网络协议的层数往往是多余实现其转发功能需要的层数的。原因很多,其中一个就是router有时候需要支持远程登录,这个是应用层的,所以为了实现这个功能,他就需要实现应用层,所以传输层、网络层(for switch)也都实现了。