享元模式

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1. 类图

• Flyweight：享元接口
• ConcreteFlyweight：享元实现对象
• UnsharedConcreteFlyweight：非共享享元实现对象
• FlyweightFactory：享元工厂
• Client：客户端

2. 示例

同一对象实例的重复使用

2.1 享元接口

public interface FlyWeight {
    void action();
}

2.2 享元实现对象

public class ChildFlyWeight implements FlyWeight {
    @Override
    public void action() {System.out.println("享元模式");}
}

2.3 享元工厂

public class FlyWeightFactory {
    // 使用静态内部类,保证享元工厂实例只能有一个
    private FlyWeightFactory() { }

    private static class InnerHolder {
        private static FlyWeightFactory flyWeightFactory = new FlyWeightFactory();
    }

    public static FlyWeightFactory getInstance() { return InnerHolder.flyWeightFactory; }

    // 对象存放容器
    private static Map<String, FlyWeight> map = new HashMap<>();

    public FlyWeight getFlyWeight(String name) {
        FlyWeight flyWeight = map.get(name);
        if (flyWeight == null) {
            flyWeight = new ChildFlyWeight();
            map.put(name, flyWeight);
        }
        return flyWeight;
    }
}

2.4 客户端

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FlyWeightFactory instance = FlyWeightFactory.getInstance();
        FlyWeight test1 = instance.getFlyWeight("test1");
        test1.action();
    }
}

3. 优点

• 减少对象数量，节省内存空间

4. 缺点

• 维护共享对象，需要额外开销